Physiologic compartmentalization effectively isolates the central nervous system from the rest of the body. This isolation not only provides protection of its delicate function from aberrant peripheral influences but also impedes its diagnostic evaluation. Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) bathes the brain and spinal cord, is in dynamic equilibrium with its extracellular fluid, and tends to reflect the state of health and activity of the central nervous system. CSF examination is the most direct and popular method of assessing the central chemical and cellular environment in the living patient or…mehr
Physiologic compartmentalization effectively isolates the central nervous system from the rest of the body. This isolation not only provides protection of its delicate function from aberrant peripheral influences but also impedes its diagnostic evaluation. Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) bathes the brain and spinal cord, is in dynamic equilibrium with its extracellular fluid, and tends to reflect the state of health and activity of the central nervous system. CSF examination is the most direct and popular method of assessing the central chemical and cellular environment in the living patient or mammal. The purpose of this multidisciplined reference text is to provide the sophisticated knowledge of CSF physiology and pathology necessary for the meaningful interpretation of data obtained by various types of CSF analysis. The methodology for reliable CSF collection, storage, preparation, and analysis is discussed with respect to individual, somatotropic, chronologic, endorcinologic, pharmacologic, and possible artifactual var iations in CSF composition. These essential aspects, which ensure the validity of CSF data, are presented to aid the investigator in clinical and experimental protocol formu lation and in elimination of possible sources of error.
1: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 2: Role of Cyclic AMP in Cerebrospinal Fluid Production.- 3: Chemical Alterations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Acting on Respiratory and Circulatory Control Systems.- 4: Neurochemical Aspects of Blood-Brain-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barriers.- 5: Sites of Origin and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration Gradients: Neurotransmitters, Their Precursors and Metabolites, and Cyclic Nucleotides.- 6: Daily Fluctuations in Cathecholamines, Monoamine Metabolites, Cyclic AMP, and ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- 7: Technical Aspects of Clinical and Experimental Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigations.- 8: Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites and Probenecid Test.- 9: Extracellular Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Human Central Nervous System.- 10: Norepinephrine in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Basic Studies, Effects of Drugs and Disease.- 11: Huntington's Disease: Biogenic Amines in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 12: Cerebrospinal Fluid Noradrenergic and Behavioral Alterations Associated with Stimulation and Atrophy of Caudate Nucleus.- 13: Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid ?-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.- 14: Cerebrospinal Fluid ?-Aminobutyric Acid: Correlation with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Constituents and Alterations in Neurological Disorders.- 15: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Parkinson's Disease: Norepinephrine and ?-Aminobutyric Acid Concentrations.- 16: Neurochemical Alterations in Parkinson's Disease.- 17: Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Neurological Disorders of Childhood.- 18: Seizure-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 19: Neurotransmitter, Metabolite, and Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Seizure Patients.- 20: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.-21: Effects of Subarachnoid Blood and Spasmodic Agents on Cerebral Vasculature.- 22: Response of Extraparenchymal Cerebral Arteries to Biochemical Environment of Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 23: Subarachnoid Erythrocytes and their Contribution to Cerebral Vasospasm.- 24: Neurochemical Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke.- 25: Cerebrospinal Fluid Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in Traumatic Coma.- 26: Acetylcholine Metabolism in Intracranial and Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid and in Blood.- 27: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Dynamics and Brain Metabolism.- 28: Non-Steady-State Measurements of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics: Laboratory and Clinical Applications.- 29: Experimental Studies Relating to Diagnostic Imaging in Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation.- 30: Dynamics of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System as Defined by Cranial Computed Tomography.- 31: Cerebrospinal Fluid Alterations Associated with Central Nervous System Infections.- 32: Penetration of Antimicrobial Agents into Cerebrospinal Fluid: Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Aspects.- 33: Pathophysiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins.- 34: Myelin Basic Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Index of Active Demyelination.- 35: Electron-Microscopic Studies on Cerebrospinal Fluid Sediment.- 36: Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Effects of Various Disease States and Immunosuppressive Drugs.- 37: Intrathecal Lymphocyte Infusions: Clinical and Animal Toxicity Studies.- 38: Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Central Nervous System Cancer.- 39: Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 40: Cerebrospinal Fluid Melatonin.- 41: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pituitary Hormone Concentrations in Patients with Pituitary Tumors.- 42: Cerebrospinal Fluid Steroid Hormones.- 43: Cerebrospinal Fluid Vasopressin and Vasotocin in Health and Disease.- 44: Significance and Function of Neuropeptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 45: Endorphins in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 46: Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood.- 47: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies of Neurotransmitter Function in Manic and Depressive Illness.- 48: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Schizophrenia.- 49: Cerebrospinal Fluid Calcium: Clinical Correlates in Psychiatric and Seizure Disorders.
1: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 2: Role of Cyclic AMP in Cerebrospinal Fluid Production.- 3: Chemical Alterations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Acting on Respiratory and Circulatory Control Systems.- 4: Neurochemical Aspects of Blood-Brain-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barriers.- 5: Sites of Origin and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration Gradients: Neurotransmitters, Their Precursors and Metabolites, and Cyclic Nucleotides.- 6: Daily Fluctuations in Cathecholamines, Monoamine Metabolites, Cyclic AMP, and ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- 7: Technical Aspects of Clinical and Experimental Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigations.- 8: Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites and Probenecid Test.- 9: Extracellular Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Human Central Nervous System.- 10: Norepinephrine in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Basic Studies, Effects of Drugs and Disease.- 11: Huntington's Disease: Biogenic Amines in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 12: Cerebrospinal Fluid Noradrenergic and Behavioral Alterations Associated with Stimulation and Atrophy of Caudate Nucleus.- 13: Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid ?-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.- 14: Cerebrospinal Fluid ?-Aminobutyric Acid: Correlation with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Constituents and Alterations in Neurological Disorders.- 15: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Parkinson's Disease: Norepinephrine and ?-Aminobutyric Acid Concentrations.- 16: Neurochemical Alterations in Parkinson's Disease.- 17: Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Neurological Disorders of Childhood.- 18: Seizure-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 19: Neurotransmitter, Metabolite, and Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Seizure Patients.- 20: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.-21: Effects of Subarachnoid Blood and Spasmodic Agents on Cerebral Vasculature.- 22: Response of Extraparenchymal Cerebral Arteries to Biochemical Environment of Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 23: Subarachnoid Erythrocytes and their Contribution to Cerebral Vasospasm.- 24: Neurochemical Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke.- 25: Cerebrospinal Fluid Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in Traumatic Coma.- 26: Acetylcholine Metabolism in Intracranial and Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid and in Blood.- 27: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Dynamics and Brain Metabolism.- 28: Non-Steady-State Measurements of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics: Laboratory and Clinical Applications.- 29: Experimental Studies Relating to Diagnostic Imaging in Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation.- 30: Dynamics of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System as Defined by Cranial Computed Tomography.- 31: Cerebrospinal Fluid Alterations Associated with Central Nervous System Infections.- 32: Penetration of Antimicrobial Agents into Cerebrospinal Fluid: Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Aspects.- 33: Pathophysiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins.- 34: Myelin Basic Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Index of Active Demyelination.- 35: Electron-Microscopic Studies on Cerebrospinal Fluid Sediment.- 36: Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Effects of Various Disease States and Immunosuppressive Drugs.- 37: Intrathecal Lymphocyte Infusions: Clinical and Animal Toxicity Studies.- 38: Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Central Nervous System Cancer.- 39: Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 40: Cerebrospinal Fluid Melatonin.- 41: Cerebrospinal Fluid Pituitary Hormone Concentrations in Patients with Pituitary Tumors.- 42: Cerebrospinal Fluid Steroid Hormones.- 43: Cerebrospinal Fluid Vasopressin and Vasotocin in Health and Disease.- 44: Significance and Function of Neuropeptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 45: Endorphins in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- 46: Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood.- 47: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies of Neurotransmitter Function in Manic and Depressive Illness.- 48: Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Schizophrenia.- 49: Cerebrospinal Fluid Calcium: Clinical Correlates in Psychiatric and Seizure Disorders.
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