Regulation of plasticity in the adult Central Nervous System (CNS) is a complex mechanism in which growth-promoting and growth-inhibitory signals from neurons and local cues are finely tuned to confer specific plastic potentialities. This balance is also influenced by the external world, which acts on both intrinsic potentialities and extrinsic cues to enhance plastic capacities where needed. The research presented in this book suggests a model of triadic interplay between external world, intrinsic neuronal growth potentialities and extrinsic growth regulatory mechanisms. The overall result is a fine modulation of neuronal plasticity, which allows adaptation of the adult CNS to the changing environment. The thorough analysis of growth-associated genes, myelin receptors, perineuronal nets, and their experimental manipulations, render this book particularly useful for university students. Wider public can also enjoy this content, provided that they are passionate for Neurosciences and have understanding of Life Sciences.