Spontaneous, nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke following ischemic stroke, which can cause 35% to 50% 30-day mortality. There are many underlying pathological conditions associated with ICH; hypertension, amyloid angiopathy, ruptured saccular aneurysm, and vascular malformation account for the majority of cases. Current data show that early initiation of neuroprotective treatment might protect threatened neurons and improve the outcome. This book is based on the study that aimed at evaluating the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on the hemorrhagic stroke.