The tumor microenvironment (TME) is being increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression, particularly local resistance, immune-escaping, and distant metastasis, thereby substantially impacting the future development of therapeutic interventions in clinical oncology. An appropriate understanding of the TME promotes evaluation and selection of candidate agents to control malignancies at both the primary sites as well as the metastatic settings. This book presents a timely outline of research advances in TME biology and highlights the prospect of targeting the TME as a critical strategy to overcome acquired resistance, prevent metastasis, and improve therapeutic efficacy. A body of frontline information is delivered to summarize recently emerging and rapidly progressing aspects of TME studies, and to provide a significant guideline for prospective development of personalized medicine, with the long term aim of providing a cure for cancer patients.The book is to shed new lights on the blooming fields of TME studies, should be especially useful to biomedical scientists and oncological clinicians, and people who care about personalized medicine.