Medicinal chemistry is a wide branch of science. It consist of several compounds having difference mechanism. Benzoxazole and Benzthiazole exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. This book represents a synthesis of Benzoxazole and Benzthiazole derivatives and antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds. The reason behind good activities and poor activities, also discussed. It is a good book for research scholar who connect with the medicinal chemistry field.