Non Caloric Artificial Sweeteners (NAS) like Saccharin, Aspartame and Sucralose besides other compounds were thought to be providing the sweetness without calories and associated health hazards of traditional sugar. They are freely used in sweets, beverages, baked food items and chocolates and they are seen as replacements to sugar in diabetic patients. However there are scientific literature and studies that highlight the health hazards of NAS. Recent research articles even suggest that NAS could potentially derange glycemic control and worsen the glycemic status which defeats the very purpose of NAS used by diabetic people as a substitute for sugar.The authors of this book have undertaken the task of highlighting various NAS, their uses & health hazards and reviewing selected articles implicating NAS with various health aspects. In addition, the authors have given a detailed account of the animal study carried out by them in mice by administering NAS (Saccharin, Aspartame and Sucralose) for 8 weeks and demonstrated that NAS can lead to significant increase in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in non-diabetic animals.