Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Summary of Research and Policy Options
Herausgegeben von Wood, Andrew W.; Roy, Colin
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Summary of Research and Policy Options
Herausgegeben von Wood, Andrew W.; Roy, Colin
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This book arises from the experience of an expert group, which met in Melbourne, Australia for a period of just under two years to produce a new national radio frequency standard. The expert group s expertise extended beyond the radio frequencies to other areas of NIR, such as ELF, UV, lasers and ultra sound. Drawing on these contributors the editor is able to provide an unusually complete coverage of the topic.
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This book arises from the experience of an expert group, which met in Melbourne, Australia for a period of just under two years to produce a new national radio frequency standard. The expert group s expertise extended beyond the radio frequencies to other areas of NIR, such as ELF, UV, lasers and ultra sound. Drawing on these contributors the editor is able to provide an unusually complete coverage of the topic.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14644681000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 608
- Erscheinungstermin: 9. Mai 2016
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 154mm x 36mm
- Gewicht: 1043g
- ISBN-13: 9780471446811
- ISBN-10: 0471446815
- Artikelnr.: 22148543
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14644681000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 608
- Erscheinungstermin: 9. Mai 2016
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 154mm x 36mm
- Gewicht: 1043g
- ISBN-13: 9780471446811
- ISBN-10: 0471446815
- Artikelnr.: 22148543
ANDREW W. WOOD, PhD, is Professor of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Wood has had many years' of involvement in various research projects on Non-ionizing Radiation and serving on committees dealing with Radiation Protection. KEN KARIPIDIS, PhD, is a senior scientist with the Radiation Health Services Branch, Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Karipidis has been a member of various groups and committees providing advice to government and other stakeholders on radiation protection issues.
List of Contributors xxiii Foreword xxvii Acknowledgments xxix Introduction
xxxi 1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1
Andrew Wood and Colin Roy Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What
are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11 2 Hazard
Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13 Andrew Wood 3 Hazard
Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26 Mark
Elwood Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47 4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to
the Skin and Eyes 49 Colin Roy and Peter Gies 5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term
Risks and Benefits 67 Mark Elwood 6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies
76 Peter Gies and Colin Roy 7 UV Measurements 94 Peter Gies and Colin Roy
Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111 8 Laser and Visible Radiation
Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113 Claire Lyngå and David Urban 9 Infrared
Radiation and Biological Hazards 134 Stephen Newbery 10 Laser and Optical
Radiation Guidelines 145 David Urban and John Javorniczky 11 Laser
Measurements 152 David Urban and John Javorniczky Part IV Radiofrequency
(RF) and Microwave Radiation 163 12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and
Radiofrequency Radiation 165 Kenneth R. Foster 13 RF Guidelines and
Standards 186 Andrew Wood 14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and
SAR 205 Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood 15 Epidemiological
Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226
Mark Elwood 16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239 Andrew Wood
Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257 17
Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259 Andrew Wood 18
Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281 Andrew Wood 19 Instrumentation
and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298 Thanh Dovan and Ken
Karipidis 20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and
Diseases in Humans 313 Mark Elwood 21 Possible Low-Level Extremely
Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322 Andrew Wood
Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339 22 Static Electric and
Magnetic Field Hazards 341 Ken Karipidis 23 Static Electric and Magnetic
Field Guidelines 357 Ken Karipidis Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception
363 24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365
Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft 25
Prudent Avoidance 384 Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik 26
Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405 Kenneth R. Foster
27 How to Handle Precaution 430 Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker Part VIII NIR
Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443 28 Medical Aspects of
Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445 Bruce Hocking 29 Preventive
Surveillance Programs 456 Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie Part IX
Legal and Community Issues 479 30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of
Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making
Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481
Michael Dolan 31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496 David Urban,
Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan 32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR
526 Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan 33 Summary and Prospects
540 Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems
548 Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558 Appendix C
Websites for Further Information 560 Index 563
xxxi 1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1
Andrew Wood and Colin Roy Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What
are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11 2 Hazard
Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13 Andrew Wood 3 Hazard
Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26 Mark
Elwood Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47 4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to
the Skin and Eyes 49 Colin Roy and Peter Gies 5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term
Risks and Benefits 67 Mark Elwood 6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies
76 Peter Gies and Colin Roy 7 UV Measurements 94 Peter Gies and Colin Roy
Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111 8 Laser and Visible Radiation
Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113 Claire Lyngå and David Urban 9 Infrared
Radiation and Biological Hazards 134 Stephen Newbery 10 Laser and Optical
Radiation Guidelines 145 David Urban and John Javorniczky 11 Laser
Measurements 152 David Urban and John Javorniczky Part IV Radiofrequency
(RF) and Microwave Radiation 163 12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and
Radiofrequency Radiation 165 Kenneth R. Foster 13 RF Guidelines and
Standards 186 Andrew Wood 14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and
SAR 205 Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood 15 Epidemiological
Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226
Mark Elwood 16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239 Andrew Wood
Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257 17
Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259 Andrew Wood 18
Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281 Andrew Wood 19 Instrumentation
and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298 Thanh Dovan and Ken
Karipidis 20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and
Diseases in Humans 313 Mark Elwood 21 Possible Low-Level Extremely
Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322 Andrew Wood
Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339 22 Static Electric and
Magnetic Field Hazards 341 Ken Karipidis 23 Static Electric and Magnetic
Field Guidelines 357 Ken Karipidis Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception
363 24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365
Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft 25
Prudent Avoidance 384 Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik 26
Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405 Kenneth R. Foster
27 How to Handle Precaution 430 Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker Part VIII NIR
Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443 28 Medical Aspects of
Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445 Bruce Hocking 29 Preventive
Surveillance Programs 456 Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie Part IX
Legal and Community Issues 479 30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of
Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making
Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481
Michael Dolan 31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496 David Urban,
Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan 32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR
526 Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan 33 Summary and Prospects
540 Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems
548 Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558 Appendix C
Websites for Further Information 560 Index 563
List of Contributors xxiii Foreword xxvii Acknowledgments xxix Introduction
xxxi 1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1
Andrew Wood and Colin Roy Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What
are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11 2 Hazard
Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13 Andrew Wood 3 Hazard
Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26 Mark
Elwood Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47 4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to
the Skin and Eyes 49 Colin Roy and Peter Gies 5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term
Risks and Benefits 67 Mark Elwood 6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies
76 Peter Gies and Colin Roy 7 UV Measurements 94 Peter Gies and Colin Roy
Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111 8 Laser and Visible Radiation
Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113 Claire Lyngå and David Urban 9 Infrared
Radiation and Biological Hazards 134 Stephen Newbery 10 Laser and Optical
Radiation Guidelines 145 David Urban and John Javorniczky 11 Laser
Measurements 152 David Urban and John Javorniczky Part IV Radiofrequency
(RF) and Microwave Radiation 163 12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and
Radiofrequency Radiation 165 Kenneth R. Foster 13 RF Guidelines and
Standards 186 Andrew Wood 14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and
SAR 205 Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood 15 Epidemiological
Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226
Mark Elwood 16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239 Andrew Wood
Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257 17
Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259 Andrew Wood 18
Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281 Andrew Wood 19 Instrumentation
and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298 Thanh Dovan and Ken
Karipidis 20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and
Diseases in Humans 313 Mark Elwood 21 Possible Low-Level Extremely
Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322 Andrew Wood
Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339 22 Static Electric and
Magnetic Field Hazards 341 Ken Karipidis 23 Static Electric and Magnetic
Field Guidelines 357 Ken Karipidis Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception
363 24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365
Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft 25
Prudent Avoidance 384 Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik 26
Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405 Kenneth R. Foster
27 How to Handle Precaution 430 Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker Part VIII NIR
Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443 28 Medical Aspects of
Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445 Bruce Hocking 29 Preventive
Surveillance Programs 456 Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie Part IX
Legal and Community Issues 479 30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of
Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making
Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481
Michael Dolan 31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496 David Urban,
Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan 32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR
526 Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan 33 Summary and Prospects
540 Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems
548 Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558 Appendix C
Websites for Further Information 560 Index 563
xxxi 1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1
Andrew Wood and Colin Roy Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What
are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11 2 Hazard
Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13 Andrew Wood 3 Hazard
Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26 Mark
Elwood Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47 4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to
the Skin and Eyes 49 Colin Roy and Peter Gies 5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term
Risks and Benefits 67 Mark Elwood 6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies
76 Peter Gies and Colin Roy 7 UV Measurements 94 Peter Gies and Colin Roy
Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111 8 Laser and Visible Radiation
Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113 Claire Lyngå and David Urban 9 Infrared
Radiation and Biological Hazards 134 Stephen Newbery 10 Laser and Optical
Radiation Guidelines 145 David Urban and John Javorniczky 11 Laser
Measurements 152 David Urban and John Javorniczky Part IV Radiofrequency
(RF) and Microwave Radiation 163 12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and
Radiofrequency Radiation 165 Kenneth R. Foster 13 RF Guidelines and
Standards 186 Andrew Wood 14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and
SAR 205 Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood 15 Epidemiological
Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226
Mark Elwood 16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239 Andrew Wood
Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257 17
Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259 Andrew Wood 18
Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281 Andrew Wood 19 Instrumentation
and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298 Thanh Dovan and Ken
Karipidis 20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and
Diseases in Humans 313 Mark Elwood 21 Possible Low-Level Extremely
Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322 Andrew Wood
Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339 22 Static Electric and
Magnetic Field Hazards 341 Ken Karipidis 23 Static Electric and Magnetic
Field Guidelines 357 Ken Karipidis Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception
363 24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365
Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft 25
Prudent Avoidance 384 Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik 26
Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405 Kenneth R. Foster
27 How to Handle Precaution 430 Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker Part VIII NIR
Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443 28 Medical Aspects of
Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445 Bruce Hocking 29 Preventive
Surveillance Programs 456 Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie Part IX
Legal and Community Issues 479 30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of
Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making
Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481
Michael Dolan 31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496 David Urban,
Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan 32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR
526 Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan 33 Summary and Prospects
540 Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems
548 Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558 Appendix C
Websites for Further Information 560 Index 563