The book consists of two chapters. The chapter "Ancient Ethnoses and Archaeological Cultures" provides information about some known ancient peoples and archaeological cultures that, for one reason or another, I was interested in.The chapter "Notes about some modern ethnoses and subethnic groups" gives brief information about the peoples and ethnographic groups. In particular, these are some Turkic-speaking peoples, autochthons of Crimea, and peoples that include carriers of the Y-chromosome haplogroup G1. There are also descriptions of other peoples and ethnic groups, in particular, Russians.