Nowadays, many researchers have focused on the preparation and characterization of new biomaterials which could be used for the bone tissue reconstruction without the problems of traditional metallic and organic materials. Consisting of two main chapters, this study gives the information about bioactive glass-ceramics and hydroxyapatite which are predestined materials for biomedical applications, in particular in orthopedic and dental implants, due to their excellent bioactivity and proved biocompatibility. The preparation method and characterization of sol-gel derived BSA-bioactive glass-ceramic nanocomposite is discussed in the first chapter and the second chapter presents a detailed discussion of the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposite.