The present European success in neutron physics and in neutron scattering applied to condensed matter research rests upon the subtle interaction of new instrument requirements for an expanding scientific program in Physics, Chemistry and Biology and the programme of invention of neutron instruments, which has long been a characteristic of neutron physics, particularly in Germany. Although this distinction between the role played by the instrument demands of "problem oriented" scientists and the interest of "instrument inventors" is somewhat facile, I believe it to be worthwhile since progress…mehr
The present European success in neutron physics and in neutron scattering applied to condensed matter research rests upon the subtle interaction of new instrument requirements for an expanding scientific program in Physics, Chemistry and Biology and the programme of invention of neutron instruments, which has long been a characteristic of neutron physics, particularly in Germany. Although this distinction between the role played by the instrument demands of "problem oriented" scientists and the interest of "instrument inventors" is somewhat facile, I believe it to be worthwhile since progress needs both components; many of the uses of a new method only becoming evident as it is improved under the conditions of real experiment. The Institut Laue Langevin in Grenoble brings both streams together and a measure of its importance on the ~or1d scene can be seen in Figure 1, which charts the world publications in Neutron Physics and Neutron Scattering since the neutron's discovery. Thisfigure also clearly shows the correlation between innovation (and publication) in neutron science and the flux of neutrons available. ~hi1st in 1936 it was possible to demonstrate the wave properties and diffraction of neutrons(1)(2) it was not until 1944 with the "pile" CP3 at Argonne National Laboratory that intensities were high enough to stimulate the construction of the first neutron diffractometer and development 22 c 900 A_ UJ DIDO, SACLAY, ~ ~ GARCHING LL en WORLD TOTAL ~ :::i 700 m ORRR,NRU, NlO:: B_ LL. L. :::J PLUTO x LO ~ -, !:!: a.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
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Autorenporträt
Professor Klaus Bethge ist seit 1973 Professor an der Universität Frankfurt am Main. Nach seiner Promotion (1960) und Habilitation (1967) an der Universität Heidelberg wirkte er 1967-1969 als Research Associate an der University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Inhaltsangabe
Invited Papers.- Some Developments and Impasses in Material Science, Related to Instrument Progress.- Neutron Scattering Applied to Problems in Materials Research.- Neutron Physics and Neutron Scattering - Trends in Applications to Materials Science.- Micrometallurgy by Ion Implantation.- Thin Layer Activation Technique and Wear Measurements in Mechanical Engineering.- Materials Analysis using Fast Charged Particles.- Depth Profiling of Light Isotopes by use of Nuclear Reactions.- Application of the Channelling Technique in Materials Research.- New Developments in Activation Analysis.- Applications of the Pixe Technique and of Nuclear Microbeams.- Perturbed Angular Correlations as A Tool in Solid State Physics.- Vacancy Trapping in Fcc Metals Studied by Perturbed Angular Correlations.- Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Research.- Implantation and Defect Studies by MöSsbauer Spectroscopy.- Positrons as Solid State Probes.- Positive Muons in Metal Physics.- Positive Pions as Probes in Crystal Physics.- Microtooling and Microscopy with Heavy Ions some Examples of Applied Research at Gsi.- Instrumentation for Chemical and Structural Analysis in Materials Science and Nuclear Physics - A Conference Summary.- Contributed Papers.- Time-Dependent Neutron Depolarization - A Novel Method in Magnetic Materials Research.- Neutron Time-of-Flight (TOF) Diffractometry for the Determination of the Magnetic Moment Direction in Polycrystalline Materials.- Determination of the Asphalt Content in Bituminous Mixtures by Neutron Thermalization.- Dynamic Neutron Depolarization and Small-Angle Scattering Studies of the Superparamagnetic System Cu-1%Co.- Neutron Diffraction Studies of Polycrystalline Materials.- Influence of Radiation Damage on the Superconductivity and ElectricalProperties of Rhenium thin Films.- Novel Developments in Surface Activation.- Materials Transfer Studies in Engineering Test Loops.- Studies on the Elaboration and the Characterization of Gaas by Radioactivation Analysis with Charged Particles.- Solid Solutions of Transition Metals in High Purity Silicon Studied by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR).- Analysis of Hydrogen in Solids with the 15N Method.- Interactions Between the Different Chemical Species in Sputtered Silicon Amorphous Structure.- Surface Stochiometry and Carbon Distribution in Mercuric Iodide by Ion Analysis.- Hydrogen Mobility Under Beam Impact when using the 1H (15N, ??) Nuclear Reaction for Material Analysis.- Elastic Backscattering and Recoil Detection Analysis using A 6Mv Tandem Accelerator.- RBS-Analyses with Protons 200 ?Ep ? 400 Kev.- Temperature Dependence of Ferromagnetism at Gd Surfaces Determined with Electron Capture Spectroscopy ECS.- Radioisotope Dating using an En-Tandem Accelerator.- Spin Polarization of Electrons at Surfaces of Oligatomic Epitaxial NI(100)-Layers.- Evaluation of Ion Beam Spectra for Surface Analysis of Probes Exposed in Fusion Devices.- RBS, Coulomb Excitation ?-Rays, and X-Ray Production Studied in Channeling Conditions.- Location of Chemisorbed Oxygen on Nife(110) by Surface Channeling.- Location of Adsorbed Foreign Atoms by Surface Channeling.- Study of the Cooperative Jahn - Teller Phase Transition in Cesium Copper Chloride by Channeling of he - Ions.- Location of Adsorbed Foreign Atoms on Crystal Surfaces by Fast Ion Channeling in Transmission.- Application of Particle Channeling to the Study of Gadolinium Gallium Garnets: Mg, Zr.- Study of the Temperature Dependence of the Minimum Yield in Batio3in the Temperature Region from 295 K - 425 K.- Standardless Pixe Bulk Analyses at Low and High Energies and Archaeometric Applications.- Correlation Between Wind-Direction and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols, Determined by Pixe.- Application of Pixe Method to Coal Analysis.- Pixe, A Method of High Sensitivity for Multi-Elemental Analysis of thin Samples and Surface Layers.- Simple Procedure for Thick Sample Pixe Data Analysis.- The Electric Quadrupole Interaction in Noncubic Fluorides and of Radiation Induced Lattice Defects in Cubic Fluorides.- Quadrupole Interaction in Noncubic Metals and Alloys.- Defects Created by Indium Implantation in Magnesium Oxyde Crystals.- Investigation of Lattice Defects in Hcp Metals.- Trapping of Vacancies at 111in-Impurities in Cold Worked Aluminium.- Electric Quadrupole Interaction at the Probe Nucleus 111CD in Different Semimetals and Semiconductors.- Müssbauer Effect Study of Charge and Spin Transfer in Fe-Cr Alloys.- Anisotropy of the Diffusional Broadening of the Mössbauer Resonance in Al 57Co/57Fe.- MöSsbauer Conversion Electron and Rutherford Backscattering Analysis of Laser-Implanted Fe and Sn in Silicon.- Superparamagnetism of Very Small Cobalt Particles Studied by Mössbauer Spectroscopy.- An Investigation by Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Spin Arrangements in the ß-Phase of Fe-Ge.- Influence of Chromium on Sn Site Hyperfine Magnetic Fields in Fe-Cr Alloys.- Radiogenic Defects in Semiconductors.- Doping of Compound Semiconductors by Implantation of Radioactive Ions Decaying to A Mössbauer Isotope.- Quadrupole Interaction of 125Te and 129I in Te Implanted Semiconductors.- Positron Study of Radiation Damage in Neutron-Irradiated Iron-Carbon System.- Positron Annihilation Study of Voids in Aluminium.- PositronAnnihilation in Non-Destructive Testing.- Doppler Broadening and Angular Correlation Measurements of Positron Annihilation Radiations in Mixed Valence Compounds of SM.- Void Swelling and Vacancy Migration in ?-Fe.- Muon Knight Shift Studies in Metals.- Heavy Ion Induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy of Solids.- Corrosion and Catalytic Properties of Materials Bombarded with Heavy Ions.- Heavy Ion Produced Radiation Damage: Swelling and Precipitation in Metals.- Authorindex.- Participants.
Invited Papers.- Some Developments and Impasses in Material Science, Related to Instrument Progress.- Neutron Scattering Applied to Problems in Materials Research.- Neutron Physics and Neutron Scattering - Trends in Applications to Materials Science.- Micrometallurgy by Ion Implantation.- Thin Layer Activation Technique and Wear Measurements in Mechanical Engineering.- Materials Analysis using Fast Charged Particles.- Depth Profiling of Light Isotopes by use of Nuclear Reactions.- Application of the Channelling Technique in Materials Research.- New Developments in Activation Analysis.- Applications of the Pixe Technique and of Nuclear Microbeams.- Perturbed Angular Correlations as A Tool in Solid State Physics.- Vacancy Trapping in Fcc Metals Studied by Perturbed Angular Correlations.- Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Research.- Implantation and Defect Studies by MöSsbauer Spectroscopy.- Positrons as Solid State Probes.- Positive Muons in Metal Physics.- Positive Pions as Probes in Crystal Physics.- Microtooling and Microscopy with Heavy Ions some Examples of Applied Research at Gsi.- Instrumentation for Chemical and Structural Analysis in Materials Science and Nuclear Physics - A Conference Summary.- Contributed Papers.- Time-Dependent Neutron Depolarization - A Novel Method in Magnetic Materials Research.- Neutron Time-of-Flight (TOF) Diffractometry for the Determination of the Magnetic Moment Direction in Polycrystalline Materials.- Determination of the Asphalt Content in Bituminous Mixtures by Neutron Thermalization.- Dynamic Neutron Depolarization and Small-Angle Scattering Studies of the Superparamagnetic System Cu-1%Co.- Neutron Diffraction Studies of Polycrystalline Materials.- Influence of Radiation Damage on the Superconductivity and ElectricalProperties of Rhenium thin Films.- Novel Developments in Surface Activation.- Materials Transfer Studies in Engineering Test Loops.- Studies on the Elaboration and the Characterization of Gaas by Radioactivation Analysis with Charged Particles.- Solid Solutions of Transition Metals in High Purity Silicon Studied by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR).- Analysis of Hydrogen in Solids with the 15N Method.- Interactions Between the Different Chemical Species in Sputtered Silicon Amorphous Structure.- Surface Stochiometry and Carbon Distribution in Mercuric Iodide by Ion Analysis.- Hydrogen Mobility Under Beam Impact when using the 1H (15N, ??) Nuclear Reaction for Material Analysis.- Elastic Backscattering and Recoil Detection Analysis using A 6Mv Tandem Accelerator.- RBS-Analyses with Protons 200 ?Ep ? 400 Kev.- Temperature Dependence of Ferromagnetism at Gd Surfaces Determined with Electron Capture Spectroscopy ECS.- Radioisotope Dating using an En-Tandem Accelerator.- Spin Polarization of Electrons at Surfaces of Oligatomic Epitaxial NI(100)-Layers.- Evaluation of Ion Beam Spectra for Surface Analysis of Probes Exposed in Fusion Devices.- RBS, Coulomb Excitation ?-Rays, and X-Ray Production Studied in Channeling Conditions.- Location of Chemisorbed Oxygen on Nife(110) by Surface Channeling.- Location of Adsorbed Foreign Atoms by Surface Channeling.- Study of the Cooperative Jahn - Teller Phase Transition in Cesium Copper Chloride by Channeling of he - Ions.- Location of Adsorbed Foreign Atoms on Crystal Surfaces by Fast Ion Channeling in Transmission.- Application of Particle Channeling to the Study of Gadolinium Gallium Garnets: Mg, Zr.- Study of the Temperature Dependence of the Minimum Yield in Batio3in the Temperature Region from 295 K - 425 K.- Standardless Pixe Bulk Analyses at Low and High Energies and Archaeometric Applications.- Correlation Between Wind-Direction and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols, Determined by Pixe.- Application of Pixe Method to Coal Analysis.- Pixe, A Method of High Sensitivity for Multi-Elemental Analysis of thin Samples and Surface Layers.- Simple Procedure for Thick Sample Pixe Data Analysis.- The Electric Quadrupole Interaction in Noncubic Fluorides and of Radiation Induced Lattice Defects in Cubic Fluorides.- Quadrupole Interaction in Noncubic Metals and Alloys.- Defects Created by Indium Implantation in Magnesium Oxyde Crystals.- Investigation of Lattice Defects in Hcp Metals.- Trapping of Vacancies at 111in-Impurities in Cold Worked Aluminium.- Electric Quadrupole Interaction at the Probe Nucleus 111CD in Different Semimetals and Semiconductors.- Müssbauer Effect Study of Charge and Spin Transfer in Fe-Cr Alloys.- Anisotropy of the Diffusional Broadening of the Mössbauer Resonance in Al 57Co/57Fe.- MöSsbauer Conversion Electron and Rutherford Backscattering Analysis of Laser-Implanted Fe and Sn in Silicon.- Superparamagnetism of Very Small Cobalt Particles Studied by Mössbauer Spectroscopy.- An Investigation by Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Spin Arrangements in the ß-Phase of Fe-Ge.- Influence of Chromium on Sn Site Hyperfine Magnetic Fields in Fe-Cr Alloys.- Radiogenic Defects in Semiconductors.- Doping of Compound Semiconductors by Implantation of Radioactive Ions Decaying to A Mössbauer Isotope.- Quadrupole Interaction of 125Te and 129I in Te Implanted Semiconductors.- Positron Study of Radiation Damage in Neutron-Irradiated Iron-Carbon System.- Positron Annihilation Study of Voids in Aluminium.- PositronAnnihilation in Non-Destructive Testing.- Doppler Broadening and Angular Correlation Measurements of Positron Annihilation Radiations in Mixed Valence Compounds of SM.- Void Swelling and Vacancy Migration in ?-Fe.- Muon Knight Shift Studies in Metals.- Heavy Ion Induced Auger Electron Spectroscopy of Solids.- Corrosion and Catalytic Properties of Materials Bombarded with Heavy Ions.- Heavy Ion Produced Radiation Damage: Swelling and Precipitation in Metals.- Authorindex.- Participants.
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