The science of nutrition has advanced beyond expectation since Antoine La voisier as early as the 18th century showed that oxygen was necessary to change nutrients in foods to compounds which would become a part of the human body. He was also the first to measure metabolism and to show that oxidation within the body produces heat and energy. In the two hundred years that have elapsed, the essentiality of nitrogen-containing nutrients and of proteins for growth and maintenance of tissue has been established; the ne cessity for carbohydrates and certain types of fat for health has been docu…mehr
The science of nutrition has advanced beyond expectation since Antoine La voisier as early as the 18th century showed that oxygen was necessary to change nutrients in foods to compounds which would become a part of the human body. He was also the first to measure metabolism and to show that oxidation within the body produces heat and energy. In the two hundred years that have elapsed, the essentiality of nitrogen-containing nutrients and of proteins for growth and maintenance of tissue has been established; the ne cessity for carbohydrates and certain types of fat for health has been docu mented; vitamins necessary to prevent deficiency diseases have been identified and isolated; and the requirement of many mineral elements for health has been demonstrated. Further investigations have defined the role of these nutrients in metabolic processes and quantitated their requirements at various stages of development. Additional studies have involved their use in the possible prevention of, and therapy for, disease conditions.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 Nutrition and Metabolic Development in Mammals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fetal Period.- 3. Perinatal Period.- 4. Suckling Period.- 5. Weaning Period.- 6. Permanent Effects of Early Nutritional Changes.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 9. Recommended Reading.- 2 Malnutrition and Mental Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Animal Studies.- 3. Human Studies.- 4. References.- 3 Nutrition and Cellular Growth.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Normal Cellular Growth.- 3. Effect of Diet on Cellular Growth.- 4. References.- 4 Nutrition and Brain Neurotransmitters.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Neurobiology.- 3. Nutrition and the Brain.- 4. Implications of Precursor Control of Brain Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release.- 5. References.- 5 Nutrition and Pregnancy.- 1. Maternal-Fetal Exchange.- 2. Nutrition and Growth of the Human Conceptus.- 3. Nutrition and Growth of the Conceptus in Animal Models.- 4. Effects of Specific Deficiencies on Fetal Growth.- 5. References.- 6 Early Infant Nutrition: Breast Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fetus.- 3. Exterogestate Fetus.- 4. Transitional Period.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 7 Early Infant Nutrition: Bottle Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nutritional Requirements.- 3. Special Formulas.- 4. Feeding Regimens.- 5. Solid Feedings.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 8 Malnutrition, Learning, and Animal Models of Cognition.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Techniques for Producing Early Malnutrition in Animals.- 3. Behavior Effects of Malnutrition in the Young Animal.- 4. Learning and Motivation.- 5. Concurrent Effects of Protein and Calorie Malnutrition on Stimulus-Response Learning.- 6. Concurrent Effects of Protein Malnutrition on Complex Stimulus-Response Learning.- 7. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Simple Stimulus-Response Learning Following Rehabilitation.- 8. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Hebb-Williams Maze Learning.- 9. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Emotional Reactivity..- 10. Malnutrition and Functional Isolation.- 11. Mechanisms Through Which Malnutrition May Produce ''Functional Isolation".- 12. Implications of an Animal Model for Human Cognitive Development.- 13. References.- 9 Nutrition and Mental Development in Children.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The INCAP Study.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- 5. References.- 10 Malnutrition and Infection.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Perspective from the Developing Nations.- 3. Perspective from the Industrialized Nations.- 4. Effects of Infection on Nutritional Status.- 5. Effects of Malnutrition on Susceptibility and Response to Infection...- 6. Iron Deficiency.- 7. Vitamin A Deficiency.- 8. Diarrheal Disease.- 9. Vaccination in Malnutrition.- 10. References.- 11 Nutrition in Dental Development and Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Amelogenesis and Chronology of Human Teeth Eruption.- 3. Dental Dysiplasias and Malnutrition.- 4. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Dental Caries.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 12 Pediatric Nutrition: Potential Relationship to the Development of Atherosclerosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anatomic Studies: Pediatric Precursors of Mature Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 3. Distribution of Serum Lipids in Children.- 4. Childhood Diet and Serum Lipids.- 5. Neonatal and Infantile Cholesterol Levels and Their Relationship to Diet.- 6. Longitudinal Effects of Infant Feeding on Plasma Cholesterol Levels.- 7. Nutritional Approaches to Treatment of Pediatric Familial Hyperlipoproteinemias.- 8. Obesity.- 9. Hypertension.- 10. Safety and Nutritional Adequacy of Fat- and Cholesterol-Modified Diets.- 11. Conclusion.- 12. References.- 13 Iron Deficiency:Behavior and Brain Biochemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Aspects of Iron Metabolism and the Physiology of Anemia.- 3. The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency.- 4. Developmental and Ecological Factors in the Impact of Nutritional and Other Insuhs on Cognition.- 5. Iron Deficiency and Behavior.- 6. Biochemical Substrates for Behavioral Derangements.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 14 Inborn Errors of Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Basic Formula.- 3. The Progression to More Normal Foods.- 4. Monitoring Treatment.- 5. The Team Approach.- 6. References.- 15 Nutritional In-Hospital Management of Chronic Diarrhea in Children.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Diagnosis.- 3. Nutritional Treatment.- 4. Intravenous Sugar Feeding.- 5. Artificial Oral Diets.- 6. Medium-Chain Triglyceride Formulas.- 7. Carbohydrate-Free Diets.- 8. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).- 9. Summary.- 10. References.
1 Nutrition and Metabolic Development in Mammals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fetal Period.- 3. Perinatal Period.- 4. Suckling Period.- 5. Weaning Period.- 6. Permanent Effects of Early Nutritional Changes.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 9. Recommended Reading.- 2 Malnutrition and Mental Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Animal Studies.- 3. Human Studies.- 4. References.- 3 Nutrition and Cellular Growth.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Normal Cellular Growth.- 3. Effect of Diet on Cellular Growth.- 4. References.- 4 Nutrition and Brain Neurotransmitters.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Neurobiology.- 3. Nutrition and the Brain.- 4. Implications of Precursor Control of Brain Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release.- 5. References.- 5 Nutrition and Pregnancy.- 1. Maternal-Fetal Exchange.- 2. Nutrition and Growth of the Human Conceptus.- 3. Nutrition and Growth of the Conceptus in Animal Models.- 4. Effects of Specific Deficiencies on Fetal Growth.- 5. References.- 6 Early Infant Nutrition: Breast Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fetus.- 3. Exterogestate Fetus.- 4. Transitional Period.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 7 Early Infant Nutrition: Bottle Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nutritional Requirements.- 3. Special Formulas.- 4. Feeding Regimens.- 5. Solid Feedings.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 8 Malnutrition, Learning, and Animal Models of Cognition.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Techniques for Producing Early Malnutrition in Animals.- 3. Behavior Effects of Malnutrition in the Young Animal.- 4. Learning and Motivation.- 5. Concurrent Effects of Protein and Calorie Malnutrition on Stimulus-Response Learning.- 6. Concurrent Effects of Protein Malnutrition on Complex Stimulus-Response Learning.- 7. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Simple Stimulus-Response Learning Following Rehabilitation.- 8. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Hebb-Williams Maze Learning.- 9. Long-Term Effects of Early Malnutrition on Emotional Reactivity..- 10. Malnutrition and Functional Isolation.- 11. Mechanisms Through Which Malnutrition May Produce ''Functional Isolation".- 12. Implications of an Animal Model for Human Cognitive Development.- 13. References.- 9 Nutrition and Mental Development in Children.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The INCAP Study.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- 5. References.- 10 Malnutrition and Infection.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Perspective from the Developing Nations.- 3. Perspective from the Industrialized Nations.- 4. Effects of Infection on Nutritional Status.- 5. Effects of Malnutrition on Susceptibility and Response to Infection...- 6. Iron Deficiency.- 7. Vitamin A Deficiency.- 8. Diarrheal Disease.- 9. Vaccination in Malnutrition.- 10. References.- 11 Nutrition in Dental Development and Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Amelogenesis and Chronology of Human Teeth Eruption.- 3. Dental Dysiplasias and Malnutrition.- 4. Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Dental Caries.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 12 Pediatric Nutrition: Potential Relationship to the Development of Atherosclerosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anatomic Studies: Pediatric Precursors of Mature Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 3. Distribution of Serum Lipids in Children.- 4. Childhood Diet and Serum Lipids.- 5. Neonatal and Infantile Cholesterol Levels and Their Relationship to Diet.- 6. Longitudinal Effects of Infant Feeding on Plasma Cholesterol Levels.- 7. Nutritional Approaches to Treatment of Pediatric Familial Hyperlipoproteinemias.- 8. Obesity.- 9. Hypertension.- 10. Safety and Nutritional Adequacy of Fat- and Cholesterol-Modified Diets.- 11. Conclusion.- 12. References.- 13 Iron Deficiency:Behavior and Brain Biochemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Aspects of Iron Metabolism and the Physiology of Anemia.- 3. The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency.- 4. Developmental and Ecological Factors in the Impact of Nutritional and Other Insuhs on Cognition.- 5. Iron Deficiency and Behavior.- 6. Biochemical Substrates for Behavioral Derangements.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 14 Inborn Errors of Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Basic Formula.- 3. The Progression to More Normal Foods.- 4. Monitoring Treatment.- 5. The Team Approach.- 6. References.- 15 Nutritional In-Hospital Management of Chronic Diarrhea in Children.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Diagnosis.- 3. Nutritional Treatment.- 4. Intravenous Sugar Feeding.- 5. Artificial Oral Diets.- 6. Medium-Chain Triglyceride Formulas.- 7. Carbohydrate-Free Diets.- 8. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).- 9. Summary.- 10. References.
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