The primary determinant for a successful pulpectomy is a good chemo- mechanical preparation which ensures the removal of infection from the root canal space. The complex morphology of the primary root canal such as accentuated curves and large number of accessory canals lead to difficulty in complete removal of infection. So it is the antimicrobial activity of the obturating material used that takes care of the persistent microorganisms in the root canal space and prevents subsequent re- infection. The ideal requirements for an obturating material have been proposed by various authors.None of the materials that are currently used in clinical practice satisfy all of this criteria. They lack in one one or more qualities and it is due to this reason that there is an ongoing quest for an ideal obturating material.The decision lies with the clinician to choose the correct material for obturating the primary tooth. So a thorough understanding of the properties of each material would help the clinician in the decision making process. This book provides a complete overview of various obturating materials currently available with the advantages and disadvantages of each material.