Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The term Occidentalism is used in one of two main ways: a) stereotyped and sometimes dehumanizing views on the so-called Western world, including Europe and the English-speaking world; and b), ideologies or visions of the West developed in either the West or non-West. The former definition stresses negative constructions of the West and is often focused on the Islamic world. The latter approach has a broader range and includes both positive and negative representations. The term was popularized by Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit in their book Occidentalism: the West in the Eyes of its Enemies (2004). The term is an inversion of Orientalism, Edward Said''s label for stereotyped Western views of the East. A number of earlier books had also used the term, sometimes with different meanings, such as Chen Xiaomei''s Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-Discoursein Post-Mao China (New York: Oxford, 1995).
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