Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Octavius Valentine Catto (22 February 1839 10 October 1871) was a black educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist. He was also known for being a cricket and baseball player in 19th-century Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Catto became a martyr to racism, as he was shot and killed in election-day violence in Philadelphia, where ethnic Irish attacked black men to prevent their voting.