This work offers an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice of major international oil companies operating in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria and its implication on corporate sustainability, corporate-community relations and environmental sustainability. It also considers the issue of environmental pollution caused by oil operations and the resultant human rights abuses that occur when the host communities agitate for redress. In the same vein, it shows the relationship between development and the environment - how development can be achieved and sustained with minimal violation of human rights (particularly within the structure of environmental sustainability as an offshoot of CSR values), and CSR as a viable mechanism for the resolution of this crisis, hence improving the relationship between the host communities and the oil companies.