Francis Onuska

Open Tubular Column Gas Chromatography in Environmental Sciences

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The method of choice for analysis of organic pollutants in the environ ment is gas chromatography, using one of the most common detection systems such as flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectro metric detection. Perhaps the most prevalent difference in practice among the envi ronmental analytical chemists involves the type of column used in gas chromatography. The traditional packed-column gas chromatography is rapidly being replaced with wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) columns. However, in using WCOT columns there are difficulties in reporting analytical data and the means of quantitation. This book is intended to present a survey of the salient features of WCOT column gas chromatography that relate to the selection ofWCOT columns, their technology, separation efficiency, and determination of the principal groups of organic micropollutants, such as hydrocarbons, aromatics, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pollu tants, chlorinated phenols, dioxins, dibenzofurans, ureas, carbamates, and odor-causing substances in complex environmental matrices. Hence, it is the hope of the authors that the content of this book will be of significance to a wide spectrum of disciplines that include environmental chemistry, industrial hygiene and health, toxicology, genetics, and in dustry.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer / Springer US / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4684-4690-6
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984
• Seitenzahl: 300
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. März 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 17mm
• Gewicht: 438g
• ISBN-13: 9781468446906
• ISBN-10: 1468446908
• Artikelnr.: 39491583

Inhaltsangabe

One: Introduction.- 1.1. Organic Contaminants in the Environment.- 1.2. Advances of Trace Organic Analysis.- 1.3. Nomenclature and Relationships in Gas Chromatography.- 1.4. Separation Number (Trennzahl).- 1.5. Thermodynamic Concept of Polarity and Selectivity.- 1.6. Stationary Phases.- References.- Two: Glass WCOT Columns.- 2.1. Glass Surfaces as Support Materials.- 2.2. Glass Surface Properties.- 2.3. Dehydration and Rehydration of Glass Surfaces.- 2.4. Capillary Tubing Fabrication.- 2.5. WCOT Column Surface Modifications.- 2.6. Glass Surface Deactivation and Chemical Modification.- 2.7. Coating the WCOT Column.- 2.8. WCOT Column Conditioning.- 2.9. Glass WCOT Column Maintenance.- References.- Three: Inlet Systems.- 3.1. General Considerations.- 3.2. Sample Introduction Techniques.- 3.3. Split Sampling Technique.- 3.4. Splitless Sampling Technique.- 3.5. On-Column Injection Techniques.- 3.6. Direct Injection.- 3.7. Column-Switching Techniques.- 3.8. Flow Programming in WCOT Column Gas Chromatography.- References.- Four: Detectors.- 4.1. Flame Ionization Detector.- 4.2. Electron Capture Detector.- 4.3. Thermionic (Alkali Flame Ionization) Detector.- 4.4. Photoionization Detector.- 4.5. The Mass Spectrometer as Detector.- 4.6. Operational Modes of an Ion Source.- 4.7. GC/MS Interface.- 4.8. Parameters Affecting Performance of GC/MS System.- References.- Five: Sample Preparation.- 5.1. General Considerations.- 5.2. Planning the Analytical Study.- 5.3. Cleanup Procedures.- 5.4. Liquid-Liquid Extraction.- 5.5. Liquid Chromatography.- 5.6. Headspace Analysis.- 5.7. Thermal Desorption Methods.- 5.8. Steam Distillation.- 5.9. Partitioning Methods.- 5.10. Miscellaneous Methods.- 5.11. Air Sampling.- 5.12. Source Sampling Procedures.- References.- Six: The Retention Index System.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Kovats Retention Index System.- 6.3. Compound Identification by Retention Index.- 6.4. Other Retention Systems.- References.- Seven: Quantitative Analysis.- 7.1. General Considerations.- 7.2. Principles of Quantitative Analysis.- 7.3. Statistical Considerations.- 7.4. Primary Standards in Air Pollution Analysis.- References.- Eight: Application in Environmental Analysis.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Analysis of Organic Priority Pollutants in Water.- 8.3. Determination of Groups of Compounds.- 8.4. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 8.5. Heterocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 8.6. Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.- 8.7. Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 8.8. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-1,4-Dioxins.- 8.9. Chlorinated Dibenzofurans.- 8.10. Chlorinated Phenols and Related Compounds.- 8.11. Toxaphene.- 8.12. Phthalate Esters.- 8.13. Nitrosamines.- 8.14. Nonionic Detergents.- 8.15. Miscellaneous Separations.- References.