Optical media are now widely used in the telecommunication networks, and the evolution of optical and optoelectronic technologies tends to show that their wide range of techniques could be successfully introduced in shorter-distance interconnection systems. This book bridges the existing gap between research in optical interconnects and research in high-performance computing and communication systems, of which parallel processing is just an example. It also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of optics as applied to high-speed communications. Audience:…mehr
Optical media are now widely used in the telecommunication networks, and the evolution of optical and optoelectronic technologies tends to show that their wide range of techniques could be successfully introduced in shorter-distance interconnection systems. This book bridges the existing gap between research in optical interconnects and research in high-performance computing and communication systems, of which parallel processing is just an example. It also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of optics as applied to high-speed communications. Audience: The book will be a vital resource for researchers and graduate students of optical interconnects, computer architectures and high-performance computing and communication systems who wish to understand the trends in the newest technologies, models and communication issues in the field.
1 Levels of Abstraction in Computing Systems and Optical Interconnection Technology.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Levels of abstraction in problem solving.- 3 Alternative systems of levels of abstraction for general purpose computing?.- 4 General purpose systems versus special purpose systems.- 5 Introducing optics into general purpose systems.- 6 Discussion.- 7 Conclusions.- 2 Smart-Pixel Technology Current Status and Future Trends.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Smart-Pixel Technology.- 3 Basic considerations.- 4 The bitonic sorter.- 5 Future Trends.- 6 Potential Application.- 7 Conclusion.- 3 Energy Requirement and Speed Analysis of Electrical and Free-Space Optical Digital Interconnections.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Assumptions.- 3 Definition of Interconnection and Estimation of Energy.- 4 Speed and Energy of Off-Chip Electrical Interconnections.- 5 Speed and Energy of On-Chip Electrical Interconnections.- 6 Optical Interconnections.- 7 Effects of Technology Scaling.- 8 Conclusions.- 4 Low Latency Asynchronous Optical Bus for Distributed Multiprocessor Systems.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Organization of the optical bus.- 3 30-100 Gb / s Optical Bus with full electronic packet processing.- 4 0.5-1 Tb / s Optical bus with photonic gates.- 5 Conclusion.- 5 Optical Free-Space Interconnections Inside Parallel Architectures: Oneracert Activities.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Time and Space Multiplexing.- 3 The MILORD Architecture.- 4 The OEDIPE Architecture.- 6 Massively Parallel Computers Using Optical Interconnects - The Synoptique Project -.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Description of Sympati2 and Symphonie.- 3 Limitations of the Electrical Interconnections.- 4 Synoptique project.- 5 Conclusion and future work.- 7 Optical Array Logic Network Computing: Concept and Implementation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Optical ArrayLogic.- 3 OAL-NC Architecture.- 4 Implementation of OAL-NC.- 5 Multiple Process Embodiment.- 6 Possible OAL-NC System Construction.- 7 Summary.- 8 Towards Effective Models for Optical Passive Star Based Lightwave Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 OPS-based networks.- 3 Stack-graphs.- 4 Modeling OPS-based networks.- 5 Applying the models.- 6 Conclusions and directions for further research.- 9 Embedding Properties of Reconfigurable Partitionable Optical Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The "Hyperplane" Reconfigurable Optical Backplane.- 3 Graph and HyperGraph Models for Bus-Based Optical Networks.- 4 A Model for Reconfigurable Partitionable Optical Interconnects.- 5 Combinatorial Optimization Problems Encountered in the Optical Embeddings.- 6 Embeddings of Meshes.- 7 Conclusions.- 10 Time Division Multiplexed Control of All-Optical Interconnection Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Circuit Switching Techniques.- 3 Cost of Communication in TDM Networks.- 4 Communication Cost in Looping Programs.- 5 Conclusions.- 11 Bounds and Analysis Techniques for Greedy Hot-Potato Routing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Model, Terminology, Definitions and Preliminaries.- 3 The Potential Function Analysis: Priority to Restricted Packets.- 4 Priority to Inertial Packets.- 5 Optimal Single-Target Routing on the 2-Dimensional Mesh.- 6 Randomized Single-Target Routing on Higher Dimensional Meshes.- 7 Greedy Routing of Permutations Can be Hard.- 8 Conclusions.- 12 Models for Optically Interconnected Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Switching techniques.- 3 Topologies: from graph to hypergraph models.- 4 Collective communications.- 5 Introducing optical communications in general models of parallelism.- 6 Conclusion.
1 Levels of Abstraction in Computing Systems and Optical Interconnection Technology.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Levels of abstraction in problem solving.- 3 Alternative systems of levels of abstraction for general purpose computing?.- 4 General purpose systems versus special purpose systems.- 5 Introducing optics into general purpose systems.- 6 Discussion.- 7 Conclusions.- 2 Smart-Pixel Technology Current Status and Future Trends.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Smart-Pixel Technology.- 3 Basic considerations.- 4 The bitonic sorter.- 5 Future Trends.- 6 Potential Application.- 7 Conclusion.- 3 Energy Requirement and Speed Analysis of Electrical and Free-Space Optical Digital Interconnections.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Assumptions.- 3 Definition of Interconnection and Estimation of Energy.- 4 Speed and Energy of Off-Chip Electrical Interconnections.- 5 Speed and Energy of On-Chip Electrical Interconnections.- 6 Optical Interconnections.- 7 Effects of Technology Scaling.- 8 Conclusions.- 4 Low Latency Asynchronous Optical Bus for Distributed Multiprocessor Systems.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Organization of the optical bus.- 3 30-100 Gb / s Optical Bus with full electronic packet processing.- 4 0.5-1 Tb / s Optical bus with photonic gates.- 5 Conclusion.- 5 Optical Free-Space Interconnections Inside Parallel Architectures: Oneracert Activities.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Time and Space Multiplexing.- 3 The MILORD Architecture.- 4 The OEDIPE Architecture.- 6 Massively Parallel Computers Using Optical Interconnects - The Synoptique Project -.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Description of Sympati2 and Symphonie.- 3 Limitations of the Electrical Interconnections.- 4 Synoptique project.- 5 Conclusion and future work.- 7 Optical Array Logic Network Computing: Concept and Implementation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Optical ArrayLogic.- 3 OAL-NC Architecture.- 4 Implementation of OAL-NC.- 5 Multiple Process Embodiment.- 6 Possible OAL-NC System Construction.- 7 Summary.- 8 Towards Effective Models for Optical Passive Star Based Lightwave Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 OPS-based networks.- 3 Stack-graphs.- 4 Modeling OPS-based networks.- 5 Applying the models.- 6 Conclusions and directions for further research.- 9 Embedding Properties of Reconfigurable Partitionable Optical Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The "Hyperplane" Reconfigurable Optical Backplane.- 3 Graph and HyperGraph Models for Bus-Based Optical Networks.- 4 A Model for Reconfigurable Partitionable Optical Interconnects.- 5 Combinatorial Optimization Problems Encountered in the Optical Embeddings.- 6 Embeddings of Meshes.- 7 Conclusions.- 10 Time Division Multiplexed Control of All-Optical Interconnection Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Circuit Switching Techniques.- 3 Cost of Communication in TDM Networks.- 4 Communication Cost in Looping Programs.- 5 Conclusions.- 11 Bounds and Analysis Techniques for Greedy Hot-Potato Routing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Model, Terminology, Definitions and Preliminaries.- 3 The Potential Function Analysis: Priority to Restricted Packets.- 4 Priority to Inertial Packets.- 5 Optimal Single-Target Routing on the 2-Dimensional Mesh.- 6 Randomized Single-Target Routing on Higher Dimensional Meshes.- 7 Greedy Routing of Permutations Can be Hard.- 8 Conclusions.- 12 Models for Optically Interconnected Networks.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Switching techniques.- 3 Topologies: from graph to hypergraph models.- 4 Collective communications.- 5 Introducing optical communications in general models of parallelism.- 6 Conclusion.
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