This book deals with the modulation instability on optical fiber techniques with dispersion management. The methodology chosen for our work consists in identifying the most penalizing propagation phenomena for the performance of the system of generation of the scalar or vector instability. And then proposes solutions enabling the reduction of the purely optical channels of its penalties. We show that it is possible to generate scalar IM lateral bands in normal dispersion regime or in principle it should be absent. This generation of IM is obtained by means of a system of fiber with periodic dispersion variation and by precise adjustment of the parameters of the elementary map of the dispersion map. Finally, we propose two systems: one dispersed for one A3DMF and one for dispersion and birefringence for BD-A3DMF, which allow to suppress the frequency derivative of the lateral bands induced by the losses of the spectra of IM and d Increase the MI gain.