To meet the high demand of food, fiber and fuel to an ever increasing population of the country, it is necessary to bring more land under cultivation or to increase production per unit area from presently available land and water. Due to rising pace of urbanization and a reluctance to disturb environment, it seems to be a difficult task to bring more area under farming. The effect of climate change on agriculture is adversely affecting the Indian agriculture, making food availability scarce. The existing production levels barely manage to keep pace with the growing population. Thus, the only option available with us is to optimize production with efficient management of available natural resources like land and water. Keeping the above facts in mind the present book "Optimal Crop Planning and Resource Use Management" has been written and scope to enhance income of the farming community is being worked out. The book will serve as guide to policy maker, planner as well as researchers in formulating policies to tackle food security and strengthening economic conditions of farming community of the state in particular and nation in general.