Aging is a universal phenomenon that involves changes in the organism including the oral cavity of the elderly. In order to characterize older adults with oral mucosal lesions associated with the use of removable prostheses, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Predominantly older adults between 60 and 69 years of age were female. The most frequent lesions were subprosthetic stomatitis and fissured epulis. The main risk factors were smoking, acrylic upper total prosthesis, time of use from 6 to 11 years, frequency of continuous use, inadequate hygiene and poor condition of the appliance. A greater relationship was found with the type of prosthesis, the material used and the condition of the prosthesis.