The study of nucleic acids is one of the most rapidly developing fields in modern science. The exceptionally important role of the nucleic acids as a key to the understanding of the nature of life is reflected in the enormous number of published works on the subject, including many outstanding monographs and surveys. The pathways of syn thesis and metabolism of nucleic acids and the many and varied biological functions of these biopolymers are examined with the utmost detail in the literature. Nearly as much attention has been paid to the macromolecular chemistry of the nucleic acids:…mehr
The study of nucleic acids is one of the most rapidly developing fields in modern science. The exceptionally important role of the nucleic acids as a key to the understanding of the nature of life is reflected in the enormous number of published works on the subject, including many outstanding monographs and surveys. The pathways of syn thesis and metabolism of nucleic acids and the many and varied biological functions of these biopolymers are examined with the utmost detail in the literature. Nearly as much attention has been paid to the macromolecular chemistry of the nucleic acids: elucidation of the size and shape of their molecules, the study of the physicochemical properties of their solutions, and the appropriate methods to be used in such research. The surveys of the chemistry of nucleic acids which have been published so far deal almost entirely with their synthesis and, in particular, with the synthetic chemistry of monomers (nucleosides and nucleotides); less attentionhas been paid to the synthesis of poly nucleotides. There is yet another highly important aspect of the chemistry of nucleic acids which is still in the formative stage, the study of the reactivity of nucleic acid macromolecules and their components. This can make an important contribution to the deter mination of the structure of these remarkable biopolymers and to the correct 'understanding of their biological functions.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 Structure of the Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods used to isolate DNA and to determine its properties. The principal types of DNA.- III. Methods used to isolate RNA and to determine its properties. The principal types of RNA.- IV. Structure of the polynucleotide chain.- V. Terminal groups of the polynucleotide chain.- VI. Structure of nucleoside components of nucleic acids.- VII. Nucleotide composition and the determination of identical nucleotide sequences in polynucleotides.- VIII. Sequence of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain.- IX. Synthetic polynucleotides.- 2 Conformation of Nucleosides and Nucleosides.- I. Introduction.- II. Conformation of the components of nucleic acids.- 3 Electronic Structure and Reactivity of the Monomer Components of Nucleic acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Distribution of electron density in the heterocyclic bases of nucleic acids.- III. Energetic characteristics of the bases of nucleic acids.- IV. Tautomerism of the bases of nucleic acids.- V. Ionization constants of the bases of nucleic acids.- VI. General matters concerned with reactivity of the bases of nucleic acids.- 4 The Secondary Structure of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. General aspects of interaction between the bases of nucleic acids.- III. Characteristics of interaction between the bases of nucleic acids and their derivatives in aqueous solutions.- IV. Investigation of the macrostructure of double-stranded DNA.- V. Investigation of the secondary structure of double-stranded RNAs.- VI. Destruction of the macromolecular structure of double-helical molecules (denaturation).- VII. Processes leading to restoration of the double-helical structure (renaturation).- VIII. Single-stranded polynucleotides.- 5 Substitutions and Additions in the Heterocyclic Ringsof the Bases of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Substitution and addition reactions at carbon atoms.- III. Substitutions and additions reaction at the nitrogen atoms.- 6 Reactions of Exocyclic Substituents of the Bases of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Substitution reactions at the nitrogen atom of an exocyclic amino group.- III. Substitutions at exocyclic oxygen and sulphur atoms.- 7 Reactions Involving the Cleavage or Regrouping of Heterocyclic Rings of the Bases of Nucleic acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions of cleavage and rearrangement of the rings by the action of nucleophilic agents.- III. Cleavage by the action of hydrazine.- IV. Cleavage by the action of hydroxylamine.- V. Cleavage of rings by the action of potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide.- VI. Cleavage by the action of peroxide derivatives.- 8 Hydrolysis of N-Glycosidic Bonds in Nucleosides, Nucleotides and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds catalyzed by acids.- III. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, not catalyzed by acids or bases.- IV. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an alkaline medium.- V. Other reactions leading to cleavage of glycosidic bonds.- 9 Reactions of the Carbohydrate Residues of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Acylation of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues.- III. Alkylation of the hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues.- IV. Reactions of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues with vinyl esters.- V. Reactions of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues with carbonyl compounds and with their derivatives.- VI. Oxidation of carbohydrate residues.- 10 Cleavage of Phosphoester Bonds and some other Reactions of Phophate Groups of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions with cleavage of P-O bonds.- III. Reactions with rupture of C-O bonds.- IV. Reactions leading to the formation of phosphoester bonds.- 11 Some Reactions of Minor Components of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions of 6-exo-N-isopentenyladenosine and its derivatives.- III. Reactions of pseudouridine and its derivatives.- IV. Reactions of 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine derivatives.- 12 Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids and their Components.- I Introduction.- II The basic concepts and laws of photochemistry.- III Absorption spectra of nucleic acids and their components.- IV Excited states of nucleic acids and their components.- V. Photochemical conversions of nucleic acids and their components.- VI. Photosensitized reactions.- VII. The photodynamic effect.- VIII. The action of visible light in the presence of iron ions.- IX. Photochemical reactions induced by excitation of a reagent.- X. Effect of chelating agents on photodimerization.- Index for Parts A and B.
1 Structure of the Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods used to isolate DNA and to determine its properties. The principal types of DNA.- III. Methods used to isolate RNA and to determine its properties. The principal types of RNA.- IV. Structure of the polynucleotide chain.- V. Terminal groups of the polynucleotide chain.- VI. Structure of nucleoside components of nucleic acids.- VII. Nucleotide composition and the determination of identical nucleotide sequences in polynucleotides.- VIII. Sequence of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain.- IX. Synthetic polynucleotides.- 2 Conformation of Nucleosides and Nucleosides.- I. Introduction.- II. Conformation of the components of nucleic acids.- 3 Electronic Structure and Reactivity of the Monomer Components of Nucleic acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Distribution of electron density in the heterocyclic bases of nucleic acids.- III. Energetic characteristics of the bases of nucleic acids.- IV. Tautomerism of the bases of nucleic acids.- V. Ionization constants of the bases of nucleic acids.- VI. General matters concerned with reactivity of the bases of nucleic acids.- 4 The Secondary Structure of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. General aspects of interaction between the bases of nucleic acids.- III. Characteristics of interaction between the bases of nucleic acids and their derivatives in aqueous solutions.- IV. Investigation of the macrostructure of double-stranded DNA.- V. Investigation of the secondary structure of double-stranded RNAs.- VI. Destruction of the macromolecular structure of double-helical molecules (denaturation).- VII. Processes leading to restoration of the double-helical structure (renaturation).- VIII. Single-stranded polynucleotides.- 5 Substitutions and Additions in the Heterocyclic Ringsof the Bases of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Substitution and addition reactions at carbon atoms.- III. Substitutions and additions reaction at the nitrogen atoms.- 6 Reactions of Exocyclic Substituents of the Bases of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Substitution reactions at the nitrogen atom of an exocyclic amino group.- III. Substitutions at exocyclic oxygen and sulphur atoms.- 7 Reactions Involving the Cleavage or Regrouping of Heterocyclic Rings of the Bases of Nucleic acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions of cleavage and rearrangement of the rings by the action of nucleophilic agents.- III. Cleavage by the action of hydrazine.- IV. Cleavage by the action of hydroxylamine.- V. Cleavage of rings by the action of potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide.- VI. Cleavage by the action of peroxide derivatives.- 8 Hydrolysis of N-Glycosidic Bonds in Nucleosides, Nucleotides and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds catalyzed by acids.- III. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, not catalyzed by acids or bases.- IV. Hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an alkaline medium.- V. Other reactions leading to cleavage of glycosidic bonds.- 9 Reactions of the Carbohydrate Residues of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Acylation of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues.- III. Alkylation of the hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues.- IV. Reactions of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues with vinyl esters.- V. Reactions of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate residues with carbonyl compounds and with their derivatives.- VI. Oxidation of carbohydrate residues.- 10 Cleavage of Phosphoester Bonds and some other Reactions of Phophate Groups of Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions with cleavage of P-O bonds.- III. Reactions with rupture of C-O bonds.- IV. Reactions leading to the formation of phosphoester bonds.- 11 Some Reactions of Minor Components of Nucleic Acids.- I. Introduction.- II. Reactions of 6-exo-N-isopentenyladenosine and its derivatives.- III. Reactions of pseudouridine and its derivatives.- IV. Reactions of 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine derivatives.- 12 Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids and their Components.- I Introduction.- II The basic concepts and laws of photochemistry.- III Absorption spectra of nucleic acids and their components.- IV Excited states of nucleic acids and their components.- V. Photochemical conversions of nucleic acids and their components.- VI. Photosensitized reactions.- VII. The photodynamic effect.- VIII. The action of visible light in the presence of iron ions.- IX. Photochemical reactions induced by excitation of a reagent.- X. Effect of chelating agents on photodimerization.- Index for Parts A and B.
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