The present book is essentially based on the lectures on the chemistry of organic compounds of fluorine that I gave in 1969 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia, as a graduate course. References to material published to the end of 1969 are included. The book is primarily meant to provide the background for such a course, and, at the same time, to be a brief survey of recent knowledge in, and an introduction to deeper study of, this area of chemistry, which has been treated in a number of com prehensive monographs. I would like to thank Professor S. C. Cohen, Syracuse…mehr
The present book is essentially based on the lectures on the chemistry of organic compounds of fluorine that I gave in 1969 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia, as a graduate course. References to material published to the end of 1969 are included. The book is primarily meant to provide the background for such a course, and, at the same time, to be a brief survey of recent knowledge in, and an introduction to deeper study of, this area of chemistry, which has been treated in a number of com prehensive monographs. I would like to thank Professor S. C. Cohen, Syracuse University, for the compilation of the data on mass spectra and nuclear magnetic res onance spectra, and my son, Tomas Hudlicky, and my daughter, Eva Hudlickci, for their help with the indexes. MILOS HUDLICKY February 13, 1970 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia vii Contents CHAPTER 1. Introduction ......................................................... 1 Development of Fluorine Chemistry ......................................... .
1. Introduction.- Development of Fluorine Chemistry.- Handling of Fluorine, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine Compounds.- Equipment and Apparatus.- 2. Fluorinating Agents.- Hydrogen Fluoride.- Fluorine.- Inorganic Fluorides.- Organic Fluorides.- 3. Nomenclature of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- 4. Introduction of Fluorine into Organic Compounds.- Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Olefins.- Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Acetylenes and Other Unsaturated Systems.- Addition of Fluorine to Olefins.- Addition of Fluorine to Other Unsaturated Systems.- Addition of Halogen Fluorides and Organic Fluorides to Olefins.- Replacement of Hydrogen by Fluorine.- Replacement of Halogens by Fluoride.- Replacement of Oxygen by Fluorine.- Replacement of Nitrogen by Fluorine.- 5. Analysis of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Physical Methods of Analysis of Fluorine Compounds or Their Mixtures.- Separation of Mixtures and Purification of Components.- Qualitative Tests for Fluorine.- Quantitative Determination of Fluoride.- Mineralization of Fluorine in Organic Compounds.- Special Analyses.- 6. Properties of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Physical Properties.- Physicochemical Properties.- Biological Properties.- 7. Practical Applications of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Refrigerants, Propellants, and Fire Extinguishers.- Plastics and Elastomers.- Fluorinated Compounds as Pharmaceuticals.- Other Uses of Fluorinated Compounds.- 8. Reactions of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Factors Governing the Reactivity of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Important Features in the Reactivity of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Reduction.- Oxidation.- Electrophilic Reactions.- Nucleophilic Substitutions.- Additions.- Eliminations.- Molecular Rearrangements.- Pyroreactions.- 9. Fluorinated Compounds as Chemical Reagents.- References.- Author Index.
1. Introduction.- Development of Fluorine Chemistry.- Handling of Fluorine, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine Compounds.- Equipment and Apparatus.- 2. Fluorinating Agents.- Hydrogen Fluoride.- Fluorine.- Inorganic Fluorides.- Organic Fluorides.- 3. Nomenclature of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- 4. Introduction of Fluorine into Organic Compounds.- Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Olefins.- Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Acetylenes and Other Unsaturated Systems.- Addition of Fluorine to Olefins.- Addition of Fluorine to Other Unsaturated Systems.- Addition of Halogen Fluorides and Organic Fluorides to Olefins.- Replacement of Hydrogen by Fluorine.- Replacement of Halogens by Fluoride.- Replacement of Oxygen by Fluorine.- Replacement of Nitrogen by Fluorine.- 5. Analysis of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Physical Methods of Analysis of Fluorine Compounds or Their Mixtures.- Separation of Mixtures and Purification of Components.- Qualitative Tests for Fluorine.- Quantitative Determination of Fluoride.- Mineralization of Fluorine in Organic Compounds.- Special Analyses.- 6. Properties of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Physical Properties.- Physicochemical Properties.- Biological Properties.- 7. Practical Applications of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Refrigerants, Propellants, and Fire Extinguishers.- Plastics and Elastomers.- Fluorinated Compounds as Pharmaceuticals.- Other Uses of Fluorinated Compounds.- 8. Reactions of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Factors Governing the Reactivity of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Important Features in the Reactivity of Organic Fluorine Compounds.- Reduction.- Oxidation.- Electrophilic Reactions.- Nucleophilic Substitutions.- Additions.- Eliminations.- Molecular Rearrangements.- Pyroreactions.- 9. Fluorinated Compounds as Chemical Reagents.- References.- Author Index.
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