The monograph outlines the evolution of Oriental literature development on the example of classical German and Russian poetic literature of the XVIII-XX centuries, defines the consistent development of Oriental motifs in Russian and German poetry, reveals such criteria of artistry as humanism, truthfulness, observation, generalization and typification, colorfulness of artistic language, substantiates such main Oriental motifs as the formation of the hero, plot development, characters, proves that in the creation of an artistic image in Russian and German poetry, the main Oriental motifs are the formation of the hero, the development of the plot, the characters of characters.