This book provides an interdisciplinary review of one of the great unsolved mysteries that has fascinated scientists for over 150 years: the origin of chirality in biomolecules. Current advances in fields as diverse as space exploration, prebiotic chemistry and high-energy physics may help to provide an answer. Important pieces of information will come from observations at the two frontiers of science: outer space and the subatomic world. Observation of distant planets, galaxies, and even actual sampling of celestial objects from beyond the solar system are projects currently underway. At the…mehr
This book provides an interdisciplinary review of one of the great unsolved mysteries that has fascinated scientists for over 150 years: the origin of chirality in biomolecules. Current advances in fields as diverse as space exploration, prebiotic chemistry and high-energy physics may help to provide an answer. Important pieces of information will come from observations at the two frontiers of science: outer space and the subatomic world. Observation of distant planets, galaxies, and even actual sampling of celestial objects from beyond the solar system are projects currently underway. At the other end of the spectrum, there are experiments that study the elemental properties of matter, such as symmetry, and interactions with the fundamental forces. Completely revised and updated this new edition once again unifies all the theories of the origin of biomolecular homochirality together in a single source. This complete, interdisciplinary review of an intriguing subject condenses a large and disparate range of contributions from journals in almost every scientific field. The various theories have been organized, interrelated and explained in a unified way. It is fundamental, comprehensive and structured to be accessible for educational purposes.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Chapter 1 Introduction and historical background. Chapter 2. Classification of the theories of the origin of biomolecular homochirality: Chance theories Amplification of tiny stochastic imbalances The racemic state Polymerizations above a critical chain length macromolecules Deterministic theories. Chapter 3. The concept of chirality: The basic symmetry operations The space inversion: the Parity operator: The time reversion: the Time reversal operator: The charge conjugation: the Charge conjugation operator: The failure of the experiments of L. Pasteur, P. Curie and others. Experiments in the absence of chirality. Experiments under the influence of false chirality or true chirality Absence of chiral field Experiments under false chiral influence Experiments under true chiral influence Expected effect of true and false chirality on molecules. Chapter 4. Chiral physical forces: The Weak Interaction and the Parity Violation Introduction. The Fundamental Interactions: Gravitational, weak interaction, electromagnetic and strong interaction The ?-decay Parity violation Experimental confirmation of the parity violation in weak interactions The ?+ and ?- decays and the conservation of the symmetry operator The Principle of Invariance Unification of forces The Electroweak Theory The neutral Z¿ boson Quantification of the Parity violation in molecules: ?Epv Experimental tests for parity-violating energies ?Epv in molecules ?-Radiolysis Asymmetric photolysis and photosynthesis Circularly polarized light. Circular dichroism The magnetochiral effect Fluid Dynamics: Vortex motion. Chapter 5. Mechanisms of Amplification: Autocatalysis The Frank Model Theoretical Models derived from Frank's original model Autocatalytic amplification of the weak force Amplification of Chirality in chemical reactions Non-linear effects Asymmetric autocatalytic reactions Self-replication Amplification of the chirality by cooperative forces: growing polymers and supramolecular assembles Amplification of the chirality in polymerizations Amplification of the chirality in supramolecular assembles The Yamagata cumulative mechanism The Salam phase transition Amplification of scalemic compounds. Eutectic mixtures Solubility properties Sublimation proterties Amplification of chirality in serine octamers Homochiral preference and chiral amplification Chemistry of serine octamers Sublimation experiments. Chapter 6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Crystallizations. Chapter 7. Outside Earth: Meteorites and Comets: Meteorites Comets. Chapter 8. Other local deterministic theories: Chiral crystals and faces on crystals Quartz Calcite, gypsum, clay minerals and others Organic crystals: Glycine Two-dimensional chirality. Chapter 9. Intrinsic Assymetry of the Universe: The Arrow of Space-Time and the unequal occurrence of matter and antimatter. Amplification of the chirality in polymerizations Amplification of the chirality in supramolecular assembles The Yamagata cumulative mechanism The Salam phase transition Amplification of scalemic compounds. Eutectic mixtures Solubility properties Sublimation proterties Amplification of chirality in serine octamers Homochiral preference and chiral amplification Chemistry of serine octamers Sublimation experiments. Chapter 6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Crystallizations. Chapter 7. Outside Earth: Meteorites and Comets: Meteorites Comets. Chapter 8. Other local deterministic theories: Chiral crystals and faces on crystals Quartz Calcite, gypsum, clay minerals and others Organic crystals: Glycine Two-dimensional chirality. Chapter 9. Intrinsic Assymetry of the Universe: The Arrow of Space-Time and the unequal occurrence of matter and antimatter.
Chapter 1 Introduction and historical background. Chapter 2. Classification of the theories of the origin of biomolecular homochirality: Chance theories Amplification of tiny stochastic imbalances The racemic state Polymerizations above a critical chain length macromolecules Deterministic theories. Chapter 3. The concept of chirality: The basic symmetry operations The space inversion: the Parity operator: The time reversion: the Time reversal operator: The charge conjugation: the Charge conjugation operator: The failure of the experiments of L. Pasteur, P. Curie and others. Experiments in the absence of chirality. Experiments under the influence of false chirality or true chirality Absence of chiral field Experiments under false chiral influence Experiments under true chiral influence Expected effect of true and false chirality on molecules. Chapter 4. Chiral physical forces: The Weak Interaction and the Parity Violation Introduction. The Fundamental Interactions: Gravitational, weak interaction, electromagnetic and strong interaction The ?-decay Parity violation Experimental confirmation of the parity violation in weak interactions The ?+ and ?- decays and the conservation of the symmetry operator The Principle of Invariance Unification of forces The Electroweak Theory The neutral Z¿ boson Quantification of the Parity violation in molecules: ?Epv Experimental tests for parity-violating energies ?Epv in molecules ?-Radiolysis Asymmetric photolysis and photosynthesis Circularly polarized light. Circular dichroism The magnetochiral effect Fluid Dynamics: Vortex motion. Chapter 5. Mechanisms of Amplification: Autocatalysis The Frank Model Theoretical Models derived from Frank's original model Autocatalytic amplification of the weak force Amplification of Chirality in chemical reactions Non-linear effects Asymmetric autocatalytic reactions Self-replication Amplification of the chirality by cooperative forces: growing polymers and supramolecular assembles Amplification of the chirality in polymerizations Amplification of the chirality in supramolecular assembles The Yamagata cumulative mechanism The Salam phase transition Amplification of scalemic compounds. Eutectic mixtures Solubility properties Sublimation proterties Amplification of chirality in serine octamers Homochiral preference and chiral amplification Chemistry of serine octamers Sublimation experiments. Chapter 6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Crystallizations. Chapter 7. Outside Earth: Meteorites and Comets: Meteorites Comets. Chapter 8. Other local deterministic theories: Chiral crystals and faces on crystals Quartz Calcite, gypsum, clay minerals and others Organic crystals: Glycine Two-dimensional chirality. Chapter 9. Intrinsic Assymetry of the Universe: The Arrow of Space-Time and the unequal occurrence of matter and antimatter. Amplification of the chirality in polymerizations Amplification of the chirality in supramolecular assembles The Yamagata cumulative mechanism The Salam phase transition Amplification of scalemic compounds. Eutectic mixtures Solubility properties Sublimation proterties Amplification of chirality in serine octamers Homochiral preference and chiral amplification Chemistry of serine octamers Sublimation experiments. Chapter 6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Crystallizations. Chapter 7. Outside Earth: Meteorites and Comets: Meteorites Comets. Chapter 8. Other local deterministic theories: Chiral crystals and faces on crystals Quartz Calcite, gypsum, clay minerals and others Organic crystals: Glycine Two-dimensional chirality. Chapter 9. Intrinsic Assymetry of the Universe: The Arrow of Space-Time and the unequal occurrence of matter and antimatter.
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