The research is dedicated to the analysis of certain facts of the history and ideology of the Orthodox mission in Japan at the turn of the 20th century. The work focuses on the opinions, views and activity of the founder and long-standing leader of the mission - Archbishop Nikolai (Kasatkin). The process of organization of the Orthodox educational institutions affiliated with the Ministry, the essence of Archbishop Nikolai missionary method, the Ministry leader's view of the international policy of Russia in the Far East, and his interrelationship with Catholic and Protestant missionaries are also outlined in the research. The given work is addressed to professional historians, theologians, as well as those who take interest in the history and ideology of the Christian mission in general and that of the Orthodox Church in particular.