This book addresses the issues of lagging development in some European regions which are disadvantaged due to their isolated location. The persisting problems of social and economic development in several European Union areas (i.e. islands, mountains, border areas etc.) has turned the attention of policy makers to the critical importance of transport and telecommunication linkages. The effectiveness of such plans and programmes, the evaluation of direct and indirect beneficial and sometimes unintended impacts of incentives are discussed. Several new analytical tools and concepts are introduced and discussed.