Turkish children at 5-6 years old who were either living with parents or living in an orphanage were investigated using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) to assess their motor development level. Participants were 152 preschool children living in the provinces of Giresun and Trabzon, Turkey. After the pretest, the experimental group participated in the physical play and exercise session for 24 weeks. When data have analyzed the findings showed that there is no significant difference between children living in an orphanage and children living with their parents. But anthropometric measurement showed that physical development of children living in an orphanage was significantly lower than those children living with their parents.