Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport

Herausgeber: Sarnthein, Michael; Leinen, Margaret

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modem and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport" (held at Oracle, Arizona, USA from November 17-19, 1987) brought together atmospheric chemists, physicists, and meteorologists who study the origin and transport of modem-day mineral and biological aerosols with geologists and paleobotanists who study the sedimentary record of eolian and hydrologic processes along with modelers who study and conceptualize the processes influencing atmospheric transport at present and in the past. Presentations at the workshop provided a guide to our present knowledge of the entire spectrum of processes and phenomena important to the generation, transport, and deposition of eolian terrigenous material that ultimately becomes part of the geologic record and the modeling techniques that used to represent these processes. The presenta tions on the geologic record of eolian deposition documented our present understanding of the na~e and causes of climate change on time scales of the last glacial ages (tens of thousands of years) to time scales over which the arrangement of continents, mountains, and oceans has changed sub stantially (tens of millions of years). There has been a growing recognition of the importance of global climatic changes to the future well-being of humanity. In particular, the climatic response to human alterations to the earth's surface and chemical composition has led to concern over the agricultural, ecological, and societal impacts of such potential global changes.

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Produktdetails

• Nato Science Series C: Nr.282
• Verlag: Springer Netherland / Springer Netherlands
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989
• Seitenzahl: 932
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. August 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 160mm x 50mm
• Gewicht: 1456g
• ISBN-13: 9789401069373
• ISBN-10: 9401069379
• Artikelnr.: 41326256

Inhaltsangabe

Section 1. Dust Formation, Injection, and Continental Aridity.- 1.
Processes of fine particle formation, dust source regions, and climatic
changes.- 2. Formation of winderodible aggregates for salty soils and soils
with less than 50% sand composition in natural terrestrial environments.-
3. Dust and climate in the American Southwest.- 4. Climatic controls on the
frequency, magnitude and distribution of dust storms: examples from
India/Pakistan, Mauritania and Mongolia.- 5. Emission of fine-grained
particulates from desert soils.- 6. Relationships between the
characteristics of soils, the wind energy and dust near the ground, in the
western sandsea (N.W. Sahara).- 7. Aeolian dust transport in West Africa.-
Section 2. Dust Transport and Transport Modeling.- 1. Modeling long-range
transport using trajectory techniques.- 2. Present transport and deposition
patterns of African dusts to the North-western Mediterranean.- 3. Desert
dust and climate: an investigation using an atmospheric general circulation
model.- Section 3. Dust Composition and Factors Controlling it: Evidence
from Aerosols and Sediments.- 1. Eolian dust over the Mediterranean and
their contribution to the present sedimentation.- 2. Eolian dust collected
in springtime (1979 and 1984 Years) at the seawater-air interface of the
Northern Red Sea.- 3. Desert aerosol: characteristics and effects on
climate.- 4. Local, proximal and distal Saharan dusts: characterization and
contribution to the sedimentation.- 5. Atmospheric mineral dust -
properties and source markers.- 6. Nd and Sr isotopes as tracers of wind
transport: Atlantic aerosols and surface sediments.- 7. Wind-borne deposits
in the Northwestern Indian Ocean: record of Holocene sediments versus
modern satellite data.- 8. Aeolian-derived higher plantlipids in the marine
sedimentary record: links with palaeoclimate.- 9. Lithogenic sediment on
Arctic pack ice: potential aeolian flux and contribution to deep sea
sediment.- Section 4. Modeling Atmospheric Circulation in the Past.- 1.
Past and present oceanic energy balance patterns.- 2. Possible effects of
orbital variations on past sources and transports of eolian material:
estimates from general circulation model experiments.- Section 5.
Inferences from the Sedimentary Record: Loess, Ice Cores, and Other Land
Evidence.- 1. Climatic changes in Israel during historical times and their
impact on hydrological, pedological and socio-economic systems.- 2. The
mineral-dust record in a highaltitude Alpine Glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Swiss
Alps).- 3. Fallout of Saharan dust in the Northwestern Mediterranean
Region.- 4. Late Quaternary climatic changes in the African Rain Forest:
forest refugia and the major role of sea-surface temperature variations.-
5. The regionalization of climatic change in Western North America.- 6.
Interglacial environments in presently Hyperarid Sahara: palaeoclimatic
implications.- Section 6. Report of the Group Studying: Inferences from the
Marine Sedimentary Record.- 1. Northeast Asian climatic change over the
last 140,000 years inferred from pollen in marine cores taken off the
Pacific Coast of Japan.- 2. The Late Quaternary record of atmospheric
transport to the Northwest Pacific from Asia.- 3. Variations of the NW
African trade wind regime during the last 140,000 years: changes in pollen
flux evidenced by marine sediment records.- 4. Deflation and humidity
during the last 700 ka in NW Africa from the marine record.- 5. Palynology
of the last 680,000 years of ODP Site 658 (off NW Africa): fluctuations in
paleowind systems.- 6. Pliocene history of South Saharan/Sahelian aridity:
record of freshwater diatoms (Genus Melosira) and opal phytoliths, ODP
Sites 662 and 664.- 7. Cenozoic climatic variation recorded by quartz and
clay minerals in North Pacific sediments.- 8. Geologic record of
atmospheric circulation on tectonic time scales.- Section 7. Reports and
Recommendations of Working Groups.- 1. Dust Formation, Injection, and
Continental Aridity.- 2. Dust Transport and Transport Modeling.- 3. Dust
Composition and Factors Controlling IT: Evidence from Aerosols and
Sediments.- 4. Modeling Atmospheric Circulation in the Past.- 5. Inferences
from the Sedimentary Record: Loess, Ice Cores, and other Land Evidence.- 6.
Report of the Group Studying: Inferences from the Marine Sedimentary
Record.

Rezensionen

'This volume should be a valuable reference for those, such as geomorphologists, climatologists and quaternary geologists, who specialize in its subject matter.' -- Australian Mineral Foundation in Esrisat, 18:6.

'... this volume provides a very up to date, comprehensive and carefully compiled selection of material which will be of interest to everybody concerned with climatic change and its causes.' -- GeoJournal 23 (4) April 1991