The present research work on rural history of Panama is an attempt to make known some facets of the historical, cultural, economic, social and existential development of the towns that emerged in the western region of the Province of Panama, between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. Inspired by a recommendation of Dr. Omar Jaén Suarez, in the conclusions of his monumental work entitled "La Región de los Llanos del Chirú: un estudio de historia rural Panameña", who told us, on that occasion: "Hopefully this new edition will relaunch the interest on the subject and invite other researchers to also dedicate themselves to rural studies...". In response to this suggestion, we are working on the construction and dissemination of the "bits and pieces" of rural histories of an area we know. We refer to the land space between the current districts of Anton, San Carlos and Chame in the provinces of Cocle and Panama. Spaces occupied by cacical lands, where human communities with diverse origins arose and replaced the aborigines until the end of the XVII century, when they became simple settlements with a mestizo population.