This book presents empirical evidence of some factors that might be responsible for poor academic performance of pupils in primary schools with an aim of helping parents, educational managers and administrators, teachers and Ministry of Education officials to see, recognize and appreciate the need for motivation on children for an improved performance. A researcher, Laosa, had posted as follows: "The educational achievement gap has deep root; it is evident very early in child's lives; even before they enter schools. Socio-economic differences -such as health and nutrition status, home environments that provide access to academically related experiences, mobility rates, and financial assets can certainly influence academic achievements" (Laosa, 2005:5)