Diabetes and its associated complications constitute a huge global health menace. Diabetes mellitus or simply diabetes is a lifelong progressive disease that results from body s inability to produce insulin, use of insulin to its full potential or both, and is characterized by high circulating glucose (hyperglycemia). Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a disease of the retina, is the most common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes. It is the major cause of blindness among people in working age and is a leading cause of visual impairment in older patients in developed countries, representing a major socioeconomic problem. The present book describes the pathobiology of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and utilization of plant derived components as adjunct to present treatments.