This book comprises a thesis submitted to the Atomic Energy Council, Sudan Academy of Sciences (SAS) in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Medical Radiation Physics. The themes covered in the thesis include patient dosimetry and optimization in medical X-ray examinations, radiation protection aspects of equipment requirements, specification for digital and interventional radiology and a detailed description of elements of a developed quality control protocol for digital and interventional radiology. The Book contains chapters on basic radiation physics concepts, dosimetric quantities and units, radiation protection and radiation protection quantities, dosimetric quantities used in diagnostic radiology and key conceptual principles about medical imaging and digital radiology. The research materials and methods used in the study are described together with the results of experimental measurements performed.