This book grew from a series of lectures on vertebrate natural history. The topics have been developed over a period of nearly 30 years, and today scarcely resemble the original subject matter. The progress is primarily technical. Some concepts provide a synthetic framework for viewing much modern research, but many of these concepts either date from Darwin or have developed from obser vations of later students. Animal science courses follow a sequential pattern in which there are three discrete levels of undergraduate instruction. Initially, students study subject mat ter contained in such…mehr
This book grew from a series of lectures on vertebrate natural history. The topics have been developed over a period of nearly 30 years, and today scarcely resemble the original subject matter. The progress is primarily technical. Some concepts provide a synthetic framework for viewing much modern research, but many of these concepts either date from Darwin or have developed from obser vations of later students. Animal science courses follow a sequential pattern in which there are three discrete levels of undergraduate instruction. Initially, students study subject mat ter contained in such courses as biology and general zoology. These courses intro duce students to animal phylogeny, basic plans of morphology and certain phys iological aspects; incidental to these subjects the student acquires a broad zoological vocabulary. At the other end of the academic spectrum are courses that emphasize synthe sis and theory: evolution, zoogeography, behavior and ecology are important courses whose role is to explore the relationships of various aspects of the physical and biological world. In these courses theory and analysis prevail. They are not, however, essentially "subject matter" courses with distinct bodies of knowledge.
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Inhaltsangabe
I Phylogenetic Development.- 1. An Overview of Vertebrate Phylogeny.- Vertebrate Progenitors.- Jawless Fish.- Jawed Fish.- Bony Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- 2. Mechanics of Evolution.- Requirements for Selection.- Rates of Evolution.- Selection and Adaptation.- Preadaptation.- Extinction and Survival.- Geography and Subspecies.- Ecogeographic Rules.- Sexual Selection.- Genetic Stability.- Genetic Drift.- Speciation versus Phyletic Evolution.- 3. Zoogeography.- Disjunctions and Endemism.- Background to Plate Tectonics.- Modern Vertebrate Distributions and Plate Tectonics.- Dispersal.- Faunal Distributions.- Islands.- Deserts.- The Pleistocene.- Summary.- 4. Movements and Migration.- Territory and Home Range.- Migration.- Orientation and Navigation.- Dispersal.- II Individual Environmental Responses.- 5. Breathing.- Gills of Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- Comparisons.- 6. Food and Feeding.- Food Intake.- Fat Cycles.- Foraging.- Resource Partitioning.- Seasonal Changes in Food Supply.- Toxic Foods.- Summary.- 7. Thermoregulation and Water Balance.- Physiologic and Behavioral Relationships.- Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- Summary.- 8. Activity and Seasonal Dormancy.- Activity.- Seasonal Dormancy.- Summary.- III Communication.- 9. Sensory Receptors and Perception.- Olfaction and Taste.- Vision.- Hearing and Vocalization.- Sensory Pits of Snakes.- Extraoptical Photoreceptors.- Electroreception.- Summary.- 10. Signals.- Fishes.- Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds.- Mammals.- Scent Production.- Coloration.- Sound Production.- Echolocation.- Bioluminescence.- Electric Fishes.- Summary.- IV Population Phenomena.- 11. Reproduction.- Vertebrate Ovulatory Cycle.- Mating.- Parthenogenesis and Intersexual Conditions.- Parental Care in Fishes.- Parental Care in Amphibians.- Parental Care in Reptiles.- Delayed Births.- Breeding Seasons.- Summary.- 12. Growth.- Specializations in Early Growth.- Age of Sexual Maturity.- Viviparity in Ectotherms.- Summary.- 13. Community and Population Density.- Community Structure.- Population Dynamics.- References.
I Phylogenetic Development.- 1. An Overview of Vertebrate Phylogeny.- 2. Mechanics of Evolution.- 3. Zoogeography.- 4. Movements and Migration.- II Individual Environmental Responses.- 5. Breathing.- 6. Food and Feeding.- 7. Thermoregulation and Water Balance.- 8. Activity and Seasonal Dormancy.- III Communication.- 9. Sensory Receptors and Perception.- 10. Signals.- IV Population Phenomena.- 11. Reproduction.- 12. Growth.- 13. Community and Population Density.- References.
I Phylogenetic Development.- 1. An Overview of Vertebrate Phylogeny.- Vertebrate Progenitors.- Jawless Fish.- Jawed Fish.- Bony Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- 2. Mechanics of Evolution.- Requirements for Selection.- Rates of Evolution.- Selection and Adaptation.- Preadaptation.- Extinction and Survival.- Geography and Subspecies.- Ecogeographic Rules.- Sexual Selection.- Genetic Stability.- Genetic Drift.- Speciation versus Phyletic Evolution.- 3. Zoogeography.- Disjunctions and Endemism.- Background to Plate Tectonics.- Modern Vertebrate Distributions and Plate Tectonics.- Dispersal.- Faunal Distributions.- Islands.- Deserts.- The Pleistocene.- Summary.- 4. Movements and Migration.- Territory and Home Range.- Migration.- Orientation and Navigation.- Dispersal.- II Individual Environmental Responses.- 5. Breathing.- Gills of Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- Comparisons.- 6. Food and Feeding.- Food Intake.- Fat Cycles.- Foraging.- Resource Partitioning.- Seasonal Changes in Food Supply.- Toxic Foods.- Summary.- 7. Thermoregulation and Water Balance.- Physiologic and Behavioral Relationships.- Fish.- Amphibians.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- Summary.- 8. Activity and Seasonal Dormancy.- Activity.- Seasonal Dormancy.- Summary.- III Communication.- 9. Sensory Receptors and Perception.- Olfaction and Taste.- Vision.- Hearing and Vocalization.- Sensory Pits of Snakes.- Extraoptical Photoreceptors.- Electroreception.- Summary.- 10. Signals.- Fishes.- Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds.- Mammals.- Scent Production.- Coloration.- Sound Production.- Echolocation.- Bioluminescence.- Electric Fishes.- Summary.- IV Population Phenomena.- 11. Reproduction.- Vertebrate Ovulatory Cycle.- Mating.- Parthenogenesis and Intersexual Conditions.- Parental Care in Fishes.- Parental Care in Amphibians.- Parental Care in Reptiles.- Delayed Births.- Breeding Seasons.- Summary.- 12. Growth.- Specializations in Early Growth.- Age of Sexual Maturity.- Viviparity in Ectotherms.- Summary.- 13. Community and Population Density.- Community Structure.- Population Dynamics.- References.
I Phylogenetic Development.- 1. An Overview of Vertebrate Phylogeny.- 2. Mechanics of Evolution.- 3. Zoogeography.- 4. Movements and Migration.- II Individual Environmental Responses.- 5. Breathing.- 6. Food and Feeding.- 7. Thermoregulation and Water Balance.- 8. Activity and Seasonal Dormancy.- III Communication.- 9. Sensory Receptors and Perception.- 10. Signals.- IV Population Phenomena.- 11. Reproduction.- 12. Growth.- 13. Community and Population Density.- References.
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