Paying for the Past examines the neglected but critically important topic of sentence enhancements based on prior convictions in the United States. Most sentenced offenders have a prior record, and in many cases that record carries more weight at sentencing than the new crime being punished. Drawing on empirical data and rules from a number of jurisdictions, Richard S. Frase and Julian V. Roberts assess the use of prior record enhancements, theirjustification, and how they contribute to racial disparities and mass incarceration.
Paying for the Past examines the neglected but critically important topic of sentence enhancements based on prior convictions in the United States. Most sentenced offenders have a prior record, and in many cases that record carries more weight at sentencing than the new crime being punished. Drawing on empirical data and rules from a number of jurisdictions, Richard S. Frase and Julian V. Roberts assess the use of prior record enhancements, theirjustification, and how they contribute to racial disparities and mass incarceration.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Richard S. Frase is Benjamin N. Berger Professor of Criminal Law at the University of Minnesota. His scholarship examines Minnesota and other state sentencing guidelines, punishment theories, criminal procedure in the U.S. and abroad, and comparison of sentencing law and practice across U.S. states and between the U.S. and other nations. Julian V. Roberts is Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Oxford and a member of the Sentencing Council of England and Wales His research focuses on all aspects of sentencing law, policy and practice in common law jurisdictions.
Inhaltsangabe
* Preface * Acknowledgements * Introduction: Prior Record Sentencing Enhancements in Context * Chapter 1: Retributive Perspectives on an Offender's Criminal or Crime-free Past * Chapter 2: Prior Record and the Risk of Recidivism * Chapter 3: What Other Factors Indicate High or Low Recidivism Risk? * Chapter 4: Are Record-based Enhancements a Cost-effective and Fair Way to Reduce Crime? * Chapter 5: The Effects of Prior Convictions on Sentence Severity (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 6: Adverse Impacts on Offense-based Proportionality and Prison-use Priorities (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 7: Disproportionate Impacts on Minority Offenders (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 8: Impacts of Criminal History Enhancements on Prison Bed Needs and Costs (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 9: The Long Arm of the Law: Look-back Provisions * Chapter 10: Problematic Components Found in Many Criminal History Formulas * Chapter 11: The Model Regime * Appendix A: Representative Criminal History Provisions in U.S. Guidelines * Appendix B: Representative Provisions from other Common Law Systems * Appendix C: Some Offender Groups That May Require Special Treatment * References * Case Table * Index
* Preface * Acknowledgements * Introduction: Prior Record Sentencing Enhancements in Context * Chapter 1: Retributive Perspectives on an Offender's Criminal or Crime-free Past * Chapter 2: Prior Record and the Risk of Recidivism * Chapter 3: What Other Factors Indicate High or Low Recidivism Risk? * Chapter 4: Are Record-based Enhancements a Cost-effective and Fair Way to Reduce Crime? * Chapter 5: The Effects of Prior Convictions on Sentence Severity (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 6: Adverse Impacts on Offense-based Proportionality and Prison-use Priorities (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 7: Disproportionate Impacts on Minority Offenders (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 8: Impacts of Criminal History Enhancements on Prison Bed Needs and Costs (Co-author: Rhys Hester) * Chapter 9: The Long Arm of the Law: Look-back Provisions * Chapter 10: Problematic Components Found in Many Criminal History Formulas * Chapter 11: The Model Regime * Appendix A: Representative Criminal History Provisions in U.S. Guidelines * Appendix B: Representative Provisions from other Common Law Systems * Appendix C: Some Offender Groups That May Require Special Treatment * References * Case Table * Index
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