Pediatrics and Neonatology have changed profoundly in recent years. The very concept of Pediatrics and Neonatology has evolved in parallel to the changes in the professional practice, where aspects related to preventive medicine are becoming more and more important. Technological development has allowed the incorporation of new responsibilities, functions and new challenges. This book offers the reader a brief and clear vision of the different aspects of Pediatrics. The development of neonatology and the incorporation of neurodevelopmental care, the evaluation of the cognitive and motor development of the infant or the problems related to puberty or adolescence are some of the aspects raised, of interest to complete the training in Health Sciences.