Taking into account the necessity in carrying out research in the public sector performance measurement field within post-Soviet countries, this paper mainly focuses on the challenges of measuring public sector performance, and attempts to analyze to what extent these challenges affect the real performance of public sector organizations in these countries. Furthermore, the current performance measurement framework of the public sector in three post-Soviet countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Lithuania - is analyzed in the paper, and the importance of setting an advanced performance measurement system for all post-Soviet countries is highlighted. In the end, on the basis of analysis of measuring public sector performance, recommendations are given on how it is possible to revamp the performance measurement framework and apply NPM principles in post-Soviet countries.