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In this study a sample of 37 mentally retarded children aged 8-10 years was selected from centers of mentally retarded children in Khartoum State. A control group of children with a normal IQ of a similar age was selected from schools nearby the centers visited. A comparison was made between the mentally retarded children and the healthy children as well as between the subgroups of the mentally retarded children .The results revealed that the mentally retarded children showed more dental plaque and higher gingival index when compared with the plaque and gingival index of the control group. According to the degree of mental retardation there was statistically significant difference in plaque and gingival index among the mild, moderate and severe subgroups.in conclusion dental care must made available for mentally retarded children and free of charge. a more detailed study is needed particularly to investigate the oral health of children with Down's syndrome.