Personality as a subject of psychological research and self-consciousness as the basis of its development are considered. The problem of formation and development of personality, influence of external and internal factors on this process is studied. The age dynamics of personality development and the role of learning in the process of mental development is shown. The professional and personal development and self-development of students during their studies in higher education, ways and methods of improving the quality of their training are considered. The recommendations on self-development and self-improvement of personality for its self-realization and self-actualization are offered.