Cotton production in Benin depends heavily on phytosanitary treatments. However, the use of pesticides in agriculture today causes significant damage to both the environment and the health of producers. However, it is clear that very little attention is paid to this problem in Benin, even though it is a real public health problem. This study revealed that good practices related to the use of chemical pesticides are not respected by the majority of producers because of poor working conditions. Ninety-two (92%) of the producers develop symptoms after phytosanitary treatments. The symptoms frequently developed are: colds, headaches, dizziness, skin irritation and burns, nausea or vomiting and vision problems. The manifestation of the symptoms varies according to the treatment windows. In fact, it is from the second window that the symptoms appear more and are more violent. Among these symptoms, the cold, irritation and burning of the skin are the most persistent.