Granite petrology has achieved significant progress since Tuttle and Bowen (1958) wrote the monograph on the Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAISi308-KAISi308-SiOrH20. Since then, the compo nents CaAI Si 0 , FeO, MgO, and excess alumina have 2 2 s been added to the pure system Ab-Or-Qz-H 0 in order to 2 include plagioclase and common mafic minerals in the inves tigations. In addition to synthetic systems, natural rocks have been used as starting materials, and other fluid compo or substituted for water. nents have been added to There are many new data…mehr
Granite petrology has achieved significant progress since Tuttle and Bowen (1958) wrote the monograph on the Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAISi308-KAISi308-SiOrH20. Since then, the compo nents CaAI Si 0 , FeO, MgO, and excess alumina have 2 2 s been added to the pure system Ab-Or-Qz-H 0 in order to 2 include plagioclase and common mafic minerals in the inves tigations. In addition to synthetic systems, natural rocks have been used as starting materials, and other fluid compo or substituted for water. nents have been added to There are many new data concerning properties of melts and magmas, dehydration melting of synthetic and natural rocks, and phase relationships at H 0-undersaturated con 2 ditions. We found it useful and necessary to summarize the available information in this volume, and an effort has been made to present up-to-date data on various aspects of gran ite petrology. Most parts of the manuscript were reviewed by John Clemens, Peter Nabelek, and Alan White. Their friendly help and suggestions improved it considerably. Some chap ters of this volume benefited from critical review by William Brown, Bruno Scaillet, and Robert Linnen. Peter Wyllie pro vided us with reprints and many critical and useful sugges tions. Jagmohan Singh improved the English considerably.
There are several books emphasizing the mineralogical and petrological aspects of granites, but this book is the only one emphasizing the experimental aspects.
Inhaltsangabe
1 Introduction and Geological Background.- 1.1 Granites and the Continental Crust.- 1.2 Chemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Some Important Granite Types.- 1.3 Granite Magmatism and the Formation of the Continental Crust.- 1.4 Granite and Water.- 2 The Haplogranite System Qz-Ab-Or.- 2.1 Beginning of Melting in the System Qz-Ab-Or at $$ {a_{{{H_2}0}}} = 1 $$ and Composition of Initial Melts.- 2.2 Dry Melting in the System Qz-Ab-Or.- 2.3 Melting in Subsystems (Dry and at $$ {a_{{{H_2}0}}} = 1 $$).- 2.4 Beginning of Melting at Ab-H20-CO2.- 2.5 Liquidus Phase Relationships.- 3 Properties of Hydrous Haplogranitic Melts.- 3.1 Water Solubility.- 3.2 Water Speciation in Aluminosilicate Melts, Models for Incorporation Mechanisms of Water and Implications.- 3.3 Viscosity and Rheological Properties of Granitic Melts and Magmas.- 3.4 Density of Hydrous Granitic Liquids.- 3.5 Diffusion of Major Elements and Water in Aluminosilicate Melts.- 3.6 Properties of Ascending Hydrous Magmas.- 4 Effects of Additional Aluminum and Minor Components in the System Qz-Ab-Or.- 4.1 Phase Relations in the System Qz-Ab-Or-Al2O3.- 4.2 Effect of Alumina on Solubility of H2O in the System Qz-Ab-Or- Al2O3.- 4.3 Effect of Phosphorus and Solubility of Accessory Minerals in Granitic Melts.- 4.4 Effect of Fluorine.- 4.5 Effect of Boron.- 4.6 Effect of Lithium.- 4.7 Contribution of Experimental Petrology to Case Studies of Peraluminous Leucogranites.- 5 Fe and Mg in Granitic Melts.- 5.1 The Role and Control of $$ {f_{{{O_2}}}} $$.- 5.2 Phase Equilibria Involving Ferromagnesian Minerals and Melt.- 5.3 Magnesium Content of Granitic Melts.- 5.4 Iron Content of Granitic Melts.- 5.5 Effect of Alumina on the Composition of Granitic Melts.- 5.6 Implications.- 6 The Tonalite System Qz-Ab-An.- 6.1. Onset of H2O-Saturated Melting in the Pure System Qz-Ab-An.- 6.2 Melting of Plagioclase, Kinetic Studies.- 6.3 Phase Equilibria in the System Qz-Ab-An- H2O.- 6.4 Phase Equilibria in the Peraluminous Tonalite System Qz-Ab-An-Al2O3-H2O.- 6.5 Formation of Tonalite in the Light of the Experimental Results.- 6.6 Experimental Investigations on Natural Tonalite.- 6.7 Constraints on the Origin of Archean Tonalite.- 6.8 Relevance of the Experimental Results.- 7 The Granite System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.1 Beginning of Melting (Water Saturated) in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.2 Melting of Plagiocase in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.3 Hypersolidus Phase Relationships in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.4 Kinetics of Subsolidus Reactions with Plagiocase.- 8 Experiments with Natural Granites and Related Rocks.- 8.1 Early Investigations.- 8.2 Comparison of Results Obtained in Model Systems and Natural Rocks.- 8.3 Melting and Crystallization Experiments Performed at Water Saturation.- 8.4 Melting Experiments Performed at Water Undersaturation.- 8.5 Summary of Experimental Findings and Conclusion.- 9 Formation of Granitic Magmas by Dehydration Melting.- 9.1 General Remarks.- 9.2 Dehydration Melting of Muscovite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages.- 9.3 Dehydration Melting of Biotite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages.- 9.4 Dehydration Melting in Amphibolites.- 9.5 Evolution of the Continental Crust by Dehydration Melting of Amphibolites and Tonalites.- Appendix: List of Abbreviations Used in the Text.- References.- Permission Statement.
1 Introduction and Geological Background.- 1.1 Granites and the Continental Crust.- 1.2 Chemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Some Important Granite Types.- 1.3 Granite Magmatism and the Formation of the Continental Crust.- 1.4 Granite and Water.- 2 The Haplogranite System Qz-Ab-Or.- 2.1 Beginning of Melting in the System Qz-Ab-Or at $$ {a_{{{H_2}0}}} = 1 $$ and Composition of Initial Melts.- 2.2 Dry Melting in the System Qz-Ab-Or.- 2.3 Melting in Subsystems (Dry and at $$ {a_{{{H_2}0}}} = 1 $$).- 2.4 Beginning of Melting at Ab-H20-CO2.- 2.5 Liquidus Phase Relationships.- 3 Properties of Hydrous Haplogranitic Melts.- 3.1 Water Solubility.- 3.2 Water Speciation in Aluminosilicate Melts, Models for Incorporation Mechanisms of Water and Implications.- 3.3 Viscosity and Rheological Properties of Granitic Melts and Magmas.- 3.4 Density of Hydrous Granitic Liquids.- 3.5 Diffusion of Major Elements and Water in Aluminosilicate Melts.- 3.6 Properties of Ascending Hydrous Magmas.- 4 Effects of Additional Aluminum and Minor Components in the System Qz-Ab-Or.- 4.1 Phase Relations in the System Qz-Ab-Or-Al2O3.- 4.2 Effect of Alumina on Solubility of H2O in the System Qz-Ab-Or- Al2O3.- 4.3 Effect of Phosphorus and Solubility of Accessory Minerals in Granitic Melts.- 4.4 Effect of Fluorine.- 4.5 Effect of Boron.- 4.6 Effect of Lithium.- 4.7 Contribution of Experimental Petrology to Case Studies of Peraluminous Leucogranites.- 5 Fe and Mg in Granitic Melts.- 5.1 The Role and Control of $$ {f_{{{O_2}}}} $$.- 5.2 Phase Equilibria Involving Ferromagnesian Minerals and Melt.- 5.3 Magnesium Content of Granitic Melts.- 5.4 Iron Content of Granitic Melts.- 5.5 Effect of Alumina on the Composition of Granitic Melts.- 5.6 Implications.- 6 The Tonalite System Qz-Ab-An.- 6.1. Onset of H2O-Saturated Melting in the Pure System Qz-Ab-An.- 6.2 Melting of Plagioclase, Kinetic Studies.- 6.3 Phase Equilibria in the System Qz-Ab-An- H2O.- 6.4 Phase Equilibria in the Peraluminous Tonalite System Qz-Ab-An-Al2O3-H2O.- 6.5 Formation of Tonalite in the Light of the Experimental Results.- 6.6 Experimental Investigations on Natural Tonalite.- 6.7 Constraints on the Origin of Archean Tonalite.- 6.8 Relevance of the Experimental Results.- 7 The Granite System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.1 Beginning of Melting (Water Saturated) in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.2 Melting of Plagiocase in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.3 Hypersolidus Phase Relationships in the System Qz-Ab-Or-An.- 7.4 Kinetics of Subsolidus Reactions with Plagiocase.- 8 Experiments with Natural Granites and Related Rocks.- 8.1 Early Investigations.- 8.2 Comparison of Results Obtained in Model Systems and Natural Rocks.- 8.3 Melting and Crystallization Experiments Performed at Water Saturation.- 8.4 Melting Experiments Performed at Water Undersaturation.- 8.5 Summary of Experimental Findings and Conclusion.- 9 Formation of Granitic Magmas by Dehydration Melting.- 9.1 General Remarks.- 9.2 Dehydration Melting of Muscovite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages.- 9.3 Dehydration Melting of Biotite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages.- 9.4 Dehydration Melting in Amphibolites.- 9.5 Evolution of the Continental Crust by Dehydration Melting of Amphibolites and Tonalites.- Appendix: List of Abbreviations Used in the Text.- References.- Permission Statement.
Rezensionen
"...a highly recommended summary of the up-to-date knowledge in the still controversially discussed field of experimentally based granite petrology. Simply said, the book is a MUST to everybody working with granites." J. of Petrology
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