Living close to nature, early man acquired unique knowledge about the ambient biodiversity by instinct, trial or error or by experimentation and used a variety of plant and animal products for food and medicine, fuel, fibre, dyes etc. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth (Acanthaceae) is a prostrate herb, distributed tropical Africa to India in dry deciduous forests and, also in the plains. Traditionally this plant is long been used against bone fracture, wounds and cuts, boils, asthma, headache, scorpion bite and nervous disorders. This book volume covers the pharmacognostical investigation, toxicology, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of different extracts of Blepharis maderaspatensis. We hope this volume will be welcomed by all those who are engaged in the field of ethnopharmacology research.