Scientific publication. Reviewers: M.A.Maslin Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of Department of History of Russian Philosophy of M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University; S.A.Nizhnikov Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of History of Philosophy of PFUR. The monograph deals with essentialistic and existentialistic approaches to the study of man, an attempt to study man as anthropological wholeness based on the synthesis of methodologies: categorical modeling, systematic approach, hermeneutics; main anthropological constants are revealed; the concepts of anthropological criteria, fundamental human relations to the world and himself are put into scientific circulation; the formation of postanthropological paradigm in the 21st century methodology is traced. For specialists in the field of philosophical anthropology, psychology, culturology; for all those who are interested in the problem of man.