Wolfgang Baehr / Krzysztof Palczewski (Hgg.)

Photoreceptors and Calcium

Herausgeber: Palczewski, Krzysztof, Baehr, Wolfgang

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

2 The role of Ca+ as an internal messenger in visual transduction of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms has been explored intensely in the recent past. Since the 2 early 1970s, calcium ions and cyclic GMP (whose levels are controlled by Ca+ in vertebrates) have been recognized as important second messengers. Particularly in 2 the last decade, however, the role of Ca+ in visual transduction has been re-evalu ated and a proliferation of research has documented a multiplicity of roles. 2 It is now evident that Ca+ modulates phototransduction by acting at several 2 sites through a host of small Ca+ -binding proteins. For example, in phototransduction 2 of vertebrates, Ca+-free forms of guanylate cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs) activate guanylate cyclase, modulating levels of cOMP, a key event in the return of photoreceptors to pre-bleach conditions. Defects in genes encoding guanylate cy clase or guanylate cyclase activating proteins lead to severe diseases of the retina (e. g. , Leber congenital amaurosis, rod/cone dystrophy, or cone dystrophy), thus em phasizing the important role of these proteins in phototransduction. Similarly, mu 2 tant genes encoding cation or Ca+ channels (cyclic nucleotide-gated cation chan 2 nels located in the cell membrane and L-type voltage-gated Ca+ channels located at the synapse of photo receptors) lead to retinitis pigmentosa or congenital stationary night blindness. In phototransduction of invertebrate organisms (e. g. , Drosophila 2 and Limulus), the role of Ca+ is similarly central, but distinct, from that of vertebrates.

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Produktdetails

• Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Vol.514
• Verlag: Springer, Berlin
• 2003
• Seitenzahl: 656
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. Januar 2003
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 260mm x 183mm x 45mm
• Gewicht: 1555g
• ISBN-13: 9780306474156
• ISBN-10: 0306474158
• Artikelnr.: 21679315

Inhaltsangabe

1. Calcium and Phototransduction.
2. The Calcium Gradient Along the Rod Outer Segment.
3. The Time Course of Light Adaptation in Vertebrate Retinal Rods.
4. S
Modulin.
5. Ca2+
Dependent Control of Rhodopsin Phosphorylation: Recoverin and Rhodopsin Kinase.
6. Recoverin and Rhodopsin Kinase.
7. Pathological Roles of Recoverin in Cancer
Associated Retinopathy.
8. Rgs9
1 Phosphorylation and Ca2+.
9. Phosphorylation by Cyclin
Dependent Protein Kinase 5 of the Regulatory Subunit (p?) of Retinal Cgmp phosphodiesterase (pde6): its Implications in Phototransduction.
10. Centrins, Anovel Group of Ca2+
Binding Proteins in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells.
11.Tuning Outer Segment Ca2+Homeostasis to Phototransduction in Rods and Cones.
12. Regulation of the Rod Photoreceptor Cyclic Nucleotide
Gated Channel.
13. Ca2+
Channels in the Rpe.
14. THE RETINAL ROD AND CONE Na+/Ca2+
K+EXCHANGERS.
15.THE COMPLEX OF cGMP
GATED CHANNELAND Na+/Ca2+
K+EXCHANGER IN ROD PHOTORECEPTORS.
16. Regulation of Voltage
8Ensitive Ca2+Channels in Bipolar Cells by Divalent Cations and Polyamines.
17. Site
Directed and Natural Mutations in Studying Functional Domains in Guanylyl Cyclase Activating Proteins (Gcaps).
18. Calmodulin and Ca2+
Binding Proteins (Cabps): Variations on Atheme.
19. GCAPs: Ca2+
SENSITIVE REGULATORS OF retGC.
20. Structure and Membrane
Targeting Mechanism of Retinal Ca2+
Binding Proteins, Recoverin and Gcap
2.
21. Target Recognition of Guanylate Cyclase by Guanylate Cyclase
Activating Proteins.
22. Mouse Models to Study Gcap Functions in Intact Photoreceptors.
23. Calcium
Dependent Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by S100b.
24. The Role of Cadherins in Ca2+
Mediated Cell Adhesion and Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration.
25. Guanylate Cyclase Activating Proteins,Guanylate Cyclase and Disease.
26. Using Mutant Mice to Study the Role of Voltage
Gated Calcium Channels in the Retina.
27. Caldendrins in the Inner Retina.
28. Calcium Channels at the Photoreceptor Synapse.
29. On Bipolar Cells: Following in the Footsteps of Phototransduction.
30. Ca2+Regulation of Drosophila Phototransduction.
31. Simultaneous Roles for Ca2+in Excitation and Adaptation of Limulus Ventral Photoreceptors.
32. Calcium Homeostasis in Fly Photoreceptor Cells.
33. Photoreceptor Degeneration and Ca2+Influx Through Light
Activated Channels of Drosophila.
34. The Trp Calcium Channeland Retinal Degeneration.