Sven Beer, Mats Björk, John Beardall

Photosynthesis in the Marine Environment

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

"Marine photosynthesis provides for at least half of the primaryproduction worldwide..."
Photosynthesis in the Marine Environment constitutes acomprehensive explanation of photosynthetic processes as related tothe special environment in which marine plants live. The first partof the book introduces the different photosynthesising organisms ofthe various marine habitats: the phytoplankton (both cyanobacteriaand eukaryotes) in open waters, and macroalgae, marine angiospermsand photosymbiont-containing invertebrates in those benthicenvironments where there is enough light for photosynthesis tosupport growth, and describes how these organisms evolved. Thespecial properties of seawater for sustaining primary productionare then considered, and the two main differences betweenterrestrial and marine environments in supportingphotosynthesis and plant growth are examined, namely irradiance andinorganic carbon. The second part of the book outlines the generalmechanisms of photosynthesis, and then points towards thedifferences in light-capturing and carbon acquisition betweenterrestrial and marine plants. This is followed by discussing theneed for a CO 2 concentrating mechanism in most of thelatter, and a description of how such mechanisms function indifferent marine plants. Part three deals with the various ways inwhich photosynthesis can be measured for marine plants, with anemphasis on novel in situ measurements, includingdiscussions of the extent to which such measurements can serve as aproxy for plant growth and productivity. The final chapters of thebook are devoted to ecological aspects of marine plantphotosynthesis and growth, including predictions for the future.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 224
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Juni 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 189mm x 12mm
• Gewicht: 443g
• ISBN-13: 9781119979579
• ISBN-10: 1119979579
• Artikelnr.: 40722482

Autorenporträt

Sven Beer, Professor of Marine Botany, Tel Aviv University, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Mats Björk, Botany Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. John Beardall, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia.

Inhaltsangabe

About the authors ix
Preface xi
About the companion website xiii
Part I Plants and the Oceans 1
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The evolution of photosynthetic organisms in the oceans 5
Chapter 2 The different groups of marine plants 15
2.1 Cyanobacteria 16
2.2 Eukaryotic microalgae 17
2.3 Photosymbionts 23
2.4 Macroalgae 27
2.5 Seagrasses 34
Chapter 3 Seawater as a medium for photosynthesis and plant growth 39
3.1 Light 40
3.2 Inorganic carbon 45
3.3 Other abiotic factors 52
Summary notes of Part I 55
Part II Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, and Carbon Acquisition in Marine
Plants 57
Introduction to Part II 57
Chapter 4 Harvesting of light in marine plants: The photosynthetic pigments
61
4.1 Chlorophylls 61
4.2 Carotenoids 63
4.3 Phycobilins 64
Chapter 5 Light reactions 67
5.1 Photochemistry: excitation, de-excitation, energy transfer and primary
electron transfer 67
5.2 Electron transport 74
5.3 ATP formation 76
5.4 Alternative pathways of electron flow 77
Chapter 6 Photosynthetic CO2-fixation and -reduction 81
6.1 The Calvin cycle 81
6.2 CO2-concentrating mechanisms 89
Chapter 7 Acquisition of carbon in marine plants 95
7.1 Cyanobacteria and microalgae 96
7.2 Photosymbionts 101
7.3 Macroalgae 104
7.4 Seagrasses 118
7.5 Calcification and photosynthesis 122
Summary notes of Part II 124
Part III Quantitative Measurements, and Ecological Aspects, of Marine
Photosynthesis 127
Introduction to Part III 127
Chapter 8 Quantitative measurements 129
8.1 Gas exchange 131
8.2 How to measure gas exchange 133
8.3 Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry 137
8.4 How to measure PAM fluorescence 142
8.5 What method to use: Strengths and limitations 146
Chapter 9 Photosynthetic responses, acclimations and adaptations to light
157
9.1 Responses of high- and low-light plants to irradiance 157
9.2 Light responses of cyanobacteria and microalgae 163
9.3 Light effects on photosymbionts 164
9.4 Adaptations of carbon acquisition mechanisms to light 169
9.5 Acclimations of seagrasses to high and low irradiances 169
Chapter 10 Photosynthetic acclimations and adaptations to stress in the
intertidal 175
10.1 Adaptations of macrophytes to desiccation 175
10.2 Other stresses in the intertidal 181
Chapter 11 How some marine plants modify the environment for other
organisms 183
11.1 Epiphytes and other 'thieves' 183
11.2 Ulva can generate its own empires 185
11.3 Seagrasses can alter environments for macroalgae and vice versa 187
11.4 Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae 189
Chapter 12 Future perspectives on marine photosynthesis 191
12.1 'Harvesting' marine plant photosynthesis 191
12.2 Predictions for the future 192
12.3 Scaling of photosynthesis towards community and ecosystem production
194
Summary notes of Part III 197
References 199
Index 203