An increase in life expectancy and decreasing birth rates, combined with a higher standard of living and improved health care, have resulted in a higher percentage of older people in the general population. It is therefore more important than ever to find ways to improve the cognitive functioning and well-being of the elderly. This book examines existing physical and cognitive training programs and their effects on cognition and well-being. Furthermore, results are reported from a project comparing a novel physical training approach (eccentric exercise) to conventional strength training and a cognitive training intervention.