The textbook considers wave and quantum properties of light, elements of quantum mechanics, physics of atomic nucleus and elementary particles. The main focus is on the interpretation of the fundamental laws of nature, as well as the study of various physical phenomena and facts. In addition, examples of problem solving are considered, and questions for self-testing are given. The presented material is intended for successful mastering of general physics course and other physical disciplines. The manual corresponds to the physics course program for engineering and physical disciplines of higher education institutions and is focused on mastering general professional competencies. It is intended for interuniversity use by students of full-time, part-time and distance learning.