Boris M. Smirnov

Physics of Atoms and Ions

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Dieses Buch ist aus einer zweisemestrigen Vorlesung über die Physik der Atmosphäre im Rahmen des Faches Umweltphysik and der Universität Heidelberg hervorgegangen. Es ist als einführendes Lehrbuch konzipiert und verfolgt zwei miteinander verzahnte Ziele: - Es will das Funktionieren des Systems Atmosphäre verständlich machen. Diesem Zweck dienen Abschnitte über den Strahlungs-und Energiehaushalt, über die atmosphärische Dynamik, über Zirkulationen, über die Niederschlagsbildung, über den Wasserkreislauf und über ähnlich Themen. - Es will, in einem breit gefassten Sinn, umweltrelevante Aspekte der Meteorologie und der Atmosphärenphysik herausarbeiten. Hierzu dienen unter anderem eine ausführliche Darstellung von Diffusions- und Transportprozessen, zahlreiche Abschnitte über das Verhalten von Spurenstoffen, mit Betonung auf strahlungsrelevanten Spurengasen und auf Schwebeteilchen, und schließlich eine Diskussion von Klima-Entwicklungen und deren Bewertung. Die vorliegende Dritte Auflage ist wiederum vollständig überarbeitet, mehrere Teile sind völlig neu geschrieben. So hat z.B. die Dynamik der Stratosphäre ein deutlich größeres Gewicht erhalten, auch erwies es wieder als notwendig, das Kapitel über Spurengase weitgehende neu zu fassen. Das Buch wendet sich ebenso an Studentinnen und Stundeten der Physik und der Geowissenschaften wie an Wissenschaftler(innen) und Lehrer(innen), die sich für ihre berufliche Arbeit eine Einführung in die atmosphärische Physik und in die Umweltmeteorologie wünschen. Ein umfangreiches Register ermöglicht das schnelle Auffinden eines Themas, die große Zahl von Quellen- und Literaturangaben erleichtert den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.

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Intended for advanced students of physics, chemistry, and related disciplines, this text treats the quantum theory of atoms and ions within the framework of self-consistent fields. It treats the structure and spectra of atoms and ions, their behavior in external fields, and their interactions, including collisions. Data needed for the analysis of collisions and other atomic processes are also included, making the book useful as a reference for researchers as well as students. In the main text, simple and convincing methods are used to explain the fundamental properties of atoms, molecules, and clusters; details and more advanced aspects of these topics are treated in the problems at the end of each chapter. The first part of the book is devoted to properties of atoms and ions considered as quantum systems of electrons orbiting a heavy Coulomb center. Self-consistent fields and the shell model give a logical and consistent picture, and provide reliable models for the analysis of atomic properties. The second part deals with interactions and collisions of particles -- including bound systems, such as molecules, clusters, and solids. The aim here is to relate the internal structure of the atoms to the interactions between them, providing useful insights for applications; the accompanying data in tables, charts, and spectra complement the theoretical discussion.

Produktdetails

• Graduate Texts in Contemporary Physics
• Verlag: Springer / Springer New York / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-0-387-95550-6
• 2003
• Seitenzahl: 443
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. Januar 2003
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 154mm x 26mm
• Gewicht: 745g
• ISBN-13: 9780387955506
• ISBN-10: 038795550X
• Artikelnr.: 11577031

Autorenporträt

Boris M. Smirnov, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Inhaltsangabe

Preface. Part 1. QUANTUM MECHANICS AND STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND IONS. Chapter 1. The development and concepts of atomic physics. Chapter 2. Hydrogen atom. The system of atomic units. Electron states of hydrogen atom. Chapter 3. Two-electron atoms and ions. Pauli exclusion principle and the symmetry of atomic wave functions. Chapter 4. Light atoms. Quantum numbers of light atoms. The atom shell model. Parentage scheme of atom. Chapter 5. Structure of heavy atoms. Atoms with valent d- and f-electrons. Thomas-Fermi model of atom. Chapter 6. Excited atoms. Metastable and resonantly excited states of atoms. Chapter 7. Positive and negative ions. Positive ions. Multicharged ions. Negative ions. Chapter 8. Autoionization states of atoms and ions. Part 2. ATOMS IN INTERACTIONS AND COLLISIONS. Chapter 9. Atoms in external .elds. Atom in magnetic .eld. Atom in electric .eld. Atom decay of atom in electric .eld. Problems 9.1-9.11. Chapter 10. Interactions involving atoms and ions. Long-range interaction of atoms. Ion-atom exchange interaction at large separations. Method LCAO. Exchange interaction of atoms at large separations. Repulsion interaction of atoms with .lled electron shells. Exchange interaction of di.erent atoms. Problems 10.1-10.11. Chapter 11. Atom interaction in molecules. Quantum numbers and types of bonds in diatomic molecules. Correlation diagrams for correspondence between molecular and atomic states. Parameters of dimers and their ions. Method of molecular orbits. Radiative transitions in diatomic molecules. Problems 11.1 -11.5. Chapter 12. Atom interaction in systems of many bound atoms. Exchange interaction of three hydrogen atoms. Character of interaction of atoms in bulk inert gases. Short-range interaction in many-atom systems. Clusters with a short-range interaction of atoms. Jelium model of metallic clusters. Problems 12.1, 12.2. Chapter 13. Elastic collisions of atomic particles. Elastic scattering of classical atomic particles. Scattering of atoms in a sharply varied interaction potential. Capture of particles in an attractive interaction potential. Scattering of quantum particles. Phase theory of elastic scattering. Total cross section of scattering. Oscillations in quasiclassical cross sections. Elastic collisions involving slow electrons. Problems 13.1-13.5. Chapter 14. Resonant processes in slow atomic collisions. Speci.cs of slow inelastic atomic collisions. Resonant charge exchange process. Resonant charge exchange with transition of p-electron. Coupling of electron momenta in the resonant charge exchange process. Spin exchange. Excitation transfer. The matching method. Depolarization of atoms in collisions. Relaxation of atomic momenta in isotropic collisions. Transitions between states of multiplet structure. Problems 14.1- 14.4. Chapter 15. Inelastic slow atomic collisions. Transitions in two-level system. Cross section of nonresonant charge exchange. Principle of detailed balance for excitation and quenching processes. Quenching of excited atom states by ion impact. Quenching of highly excited atoms in atomic collisions. Collisional quenching of metastable states. Problems 15.1, 15.2. Chapter 16. Collisional transitions involving states of continuous and quasicontinuous spectrum. Concept of quasidiscrete electron term. Electron attachment to molecules. Mutual neutralization at collisions of positive and negative ions. Collisional transitions involving multicharged ions. Associative ionization and Penning process. Collisional ionization involving resonantly excited atoms. Collisional ionization of highly excited atoms. Electron attachment to molecules. Problems 16.1-16.4. Appendices. References. Subject index.

Rezensionen

From the reviews: "As a reference book on atomic physics, it is probably quite comprehensive. ... A really good idea of the author has been to cover the basic principles in the main text of each chapter and reserve the last third of each chapter for ... questions with detailed answers involving a large amount of mathematics. ... it may be very useful for those who already have a profound understanding of atomic physics but want to refresh their knowledge ... ." (Jan Posthumus, Physicalia, Vol. 26 (1), 2004)