Medicinal plants had played an important role in medicine and healthcare in Sudan since early periods in history. This book has focus mainly on preliminarily screening of secondary metabolites of some Sudanese medicinal plants as well as cytotoxic activity. Boscia seneglansis which showed high cytotoxicity subjected to further investigations. The techniques employed in the fractionation and identification of the compounds are based on chromatographic and spectrometric data. Surprisingly some of its chemical constituents may provide a new potential source of natural anticancer agent. In addition to tramadol is an opioid analgesic which is used to cure sever and moderate pain, was identified as a chemical compound of this plant.