The book entitled "Plant Biodiversity and Ethnobotany: Case studies trough ethnobotanical approach to visualizing the role of indigenous ecological knowledge systems in the central western Ethiopia" is intended to be written based on original research findings. It clearly assessed the crucial role played by traditional ecological knowledge systems accumulated by the local communities of the area for generation in conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in their vicinity. The major emphasis of the book is on plant biodiversity of trees and shrubs, floristic composition and medicinal plant taxa of the area used by the indigenous people of the area in treating various health problems. It covered case studies in selected localities that identified and documented plant species of medicinal value and plant diversity of woody species with emphasis on trees and shrubs in the in Jeldu district of Central Western Ethiopian Highlands.It is often noted that the whole concept ofethnobotany is geared around all studies concerning the relationship between people, plants and the environment involving broad range of disciplines (Cotton, 1996) and hence the aim of this book too.