This book is a textbook of Plant Breeding courses for cereal, legume, vegetable, industrial and tuber crops. It teaches us the content of a plant breeding course in our universities. It is dedicated to both students and research teachers. It clearly explains the content of a plant improvement course, namely the scientific bases that a student or teacher should know, the different techniques that are used in plant improvement, the biotechnological knowledge that is used and the different varieties that can be made available to users. It also clearly explains the practical cases of the improvement of some cereals and legumes, specifying the objectives of the improvement of each species.